Simple to Complex & Complex to Simple Sentence Transformation

Turning a simple sentence into a complex one sounds difficult, but it is really one small move: you take a phrase and open it up into a full clause. “In spite of his poverty” becomes “Though he is poor”. “To succeed” becomes “so that he can succeed”. And going the other way, complex to simple, is just the reverse: you shrink a clause back into a phrase. That is the whole secret.

A simple sentence carries its extra meaning in phrases; a complex sentence carries it in a subordinate clause. Learn which phrase opens into which clause, and how to fold it back, and this becomes one of the easiest sources of marks in SSC, HSC, admission, and job exams. This lesson: ‘Simple to Complex Sentence Transformation’ covers both directions, with rules, charts, teacher-style explanations, and forty-five exercises with answers. It is part of our full transformation of sentences guide.

If you want a clearer understanding of the structure of simple, complex, and compound sentences, or want to learn how to identify them easily, read this lesson first: Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Explained.

একটি simple sentence কে complex এ পরিণত করা কঠিন মনে হয়, কিন্তু এটি আসলে একটি ছোট কাজ: তুমি একটি phrase নাও আর সেটিকে একটি পূর্ণ clause এ পরিবর্তন করো। “In spite of his poverty” হয়ে যায় “Though he is poor”। “To succeed” হয়ে যায় “so that he can succeed”। আর উল্টো দিকে, complex থেকে simple, কেবল এর বিপরীত কাজ করতে হবে: তুমি একটি clause কে আবার একটি phrase এ সংকুচিত বা পরিবর্তন করো। এটাই এই অধ্যায় এর পুরো রহস্য।

একটি simple sentence তার অতিরিক্ত অর্থ phrase এর মধ্যে বহন করে; একটি complex sentence তা একটি subordinate clause এর মধ্যে বহন করে। কোন phrase কোন clause এ কিভাবে পরিবর্তন করতে হয়, আর কীভাবে আবার একটি clause কে একটি phrase এ সংকুচিত বা পরিবর্তন করতে হয় যদি তা শেখো, তাহলে এটি SSC, HSC, ভর্তি ও চাকরির পরীক্ষার সবচেয়ে সহজ নম্বরের উৎসগুলোর একটি হয়ে ওঠে। এই পাঠটি দুটি দিকই কভার করে।

যদি তুমি Simple, Complex এবং Compound Sentence-এর গঠন আরও ভালোভাবে বুঝতে চাও অথবা এগুলো সহজে কীভাবে শনাক্ত করতে হয় তা শিখতে চাও, তাহলে প্রথমে এই lesson-টি পড়ো: Structure of Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences

তাহলে চলো, শুরু করা যাক।

The One Golden Rule (Both Directions)

Here is the single idea behind the whole lesson. To change a simple sentence into a complex one, expand a word or phrase into a subordinate (dependent) clause. To change a complex sentence back into a simple one, do the opposite: shrink the subordinate clause into a phrase and drop the subordinating conjunction. That clause is always one of three kinds, a noun clause, an adjective clause, or an adverb clause. To revise the idea of clauses, read our lesson on clauses in English.

পুরো পাঠের পেছনের একটিমাত্র ধারণা এই। একটি simple sentence কে complex এ পরিণত করতে, একটি শব্দ বা phrase কে একটি subordinate (dependent) clause এ প্রসারিত করো। একটি complex sentence কে আবার simple এ পরিণত করতে, ঠিক উল্টোটা করো: subordinate clause কে একটি phrase এ সংকুচিত করো আর subordinating conjunction বাদ দাও। সেই clause টি সবসময় তিন ধরনের: একটি noun clause, একটি adjective clause, বা একটি adverb clause।

Remember the golden condition of every transformation: the structure changes, but the meaning must stay exactly the same.

প্রতিটি transformation এর সোনালি শর্তটি মনে রেখো: গঠন বদলায়, কিন্তু অর্থ হুবহু একই থাকতে হবে।

Part 1: Simple to Complex Sentence Transformation

In this part, you expand a phrase into a clause. Read across the chart below to see each phrase and the clause it opens into. For the joining words, see our lesson on the conjunction.

এই অংশে, তুমি একটি phrase কে একটি clause এ পরিবর্তন বা প্রসারিত করো। নিচের chart জুড়ে পড়ো, প্রতিটি phrase আর তা যে clause এ পরিবর্তন হয় তা দেখতে।

Simple (phrase)	Complex (subordinate clause)
Present participle at start: Being / Hearing / Reading (কারণ বা সময়)	as / since / when + clause
because of / owing to + noun (কারণ)	as / since / because + clause
to + verb, purpose (উদ্দেশ্য)	so that / in order that + can / could
in spite of / despite (বৈপরীত্য)	though / although + clause
by + verb-ing (শর্ত)	if + clause
without + verb-ing (নেতিবাচক শর্ত)	unless / if … not + clause
on + verb-ing (সময়)	when / as soon as + clause
having + past participle (পূর্ববর্তী কাজ)	after / when + past perfect
too … to (ফল)	so … that + cannot / could not
adjective or participle + noun (বিশেষণ)	who / which / that + clause
place, time, or possession (স্থান / কাল)	where / when / whose + clause
noun or gerund, an idea (বিশেষ্য)	that / what / how + clause

Group 1: Making an Adverb Clause

Most simple-to-complex questions turn a phrase into an adverb clause, one that tells reason, purpose, contrast, condition, time, or result. This is the biggest and most important group.

বেশিরভাগ simple-to-complex প্রশ্ন একটি phrase কে একটি adverb clause এ পরিণত করে, যা কারণ, উদ্দেশ্য, বৈপরীত্য, শর্ত, সময় বা ফল বলে। এটি সবচেয়ে বড় ও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দল।

Rule 1: Present Participle at the Start becomes as / since / when

• When a simple sentence begins with a present participle (Being, Hearing, Reading), open it into a clause. Use the same subject, turn the participle into a full verb, and start with ‘as’ or ‘since’ if it shows a reason, or ‘when’ if it shows time.
• যখন একটি simple sentence একটি present participle (Being, Hearing, Reading) দিয়ে শুরু হয়, এটিকে একটি clause এ খোলো। একই subject ব্যবহার করো, participle কে একটি পূর্ণ verb এ পরিণত করো, আর কারণ বোঝালে ‘as’ বা ‘since’ দিয়ে, সময় বোঝালে ‘when’ দিয়ে শুরু করো।

Examples:

• Simple: Being ill, he could not attend. (reason)
• Complex: As he was ill, he could not attend.
• Simple: Hearing the news, she wept. (time)
• Complex: When she heard the news, she wept.

Rule 2: because of / owing to + noun becomes as / since / because

• When a simple sentence gives a reason with ‘because of’ or ‘owing to’ plus a noun, expand that noun into a clause with ‘as’, ‘since’, or ‘because’, supplying a subject and a finite verb.
• যখন একটি simple sentence ‘because of’ বা ‘owing to’ এবং একটি noun দিয়ে একটি কারণ দেয়, সেই noun কে ‘as’, ‘since’, বা ‘because’ দিয়ে একটি clause এ প্রসারিত করো, একটি subject ও একটি finite verb দিয়ে।

Examples:

• Simple: Because of his honesty, everyone trusts him.
• Complex: Because he is honest, everyone trusts him.

Rule 3: to + verb (Purpose) becomes so that

• When a simple sentence shows purpose with ‘to’ plus a verb, open that infinitive into a clause with ‘so that’ or ‘in order that’, and add ‘can’ for the present or ‘could’ for the past.
• যখন একটি simple sentence ‘to’ এবং একটি verb দিয়ে উদ্দেশ্য দেখায়, সেই infinitive কে ‘so that’ বা ‘in order that’ দিয়ে একটি clause এ পরিবর্তন করো, আর বর্তমানের জন্য ‘can’, অতীতের জন্য ‘could’ যোগ করো।

Examples:

• Simple: He works hard to succeed.
• Complex: He works hard so that he can succeed.
• Simple: She went to the market to buy vegetables.
• Complex: She went to the market so that she could buy vegetables.

Rule 4: in spite of / despite (Contrast) becomes though / although

• When a simple sentence shows contrast with ‘in spite of’ or ‘despite’, open it into a clause with ‘though’ or ‘although’, turning the noun or -ing form into a subject and verb.
• যখন একটি simple sentence ‘in spite of’ বা ‘despite’ দিয়ে বৈপরীত্য দেখায়, এটিকে ‘though’ বা ‘although’ দিয়ে একটি clause এ পরিবর্তন হয়, noun বা -ing রূপকে একটি subject ও verb এ পরিণত করে।

Examples:

• Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
• Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
• Simple: Despite working hard, he failed.
• Complex: Although he worked hard, he failed.

Rule 5: by + verb-ing (Positive Condition) becomes if

• When a simple sentence states a condition with ‘by’ plus a verb-ing, expand it into an ‘if’ clause.
• যখন একটি simple sentence ‘by’ এবং একটি verb-ing দিয়ে একটি শর্ত বলে, এটিকে একটি ‘if’ clause এ প্রসারিত করো।

Examples:

• Simple: By working hard, you will succeed.
• Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed.

Rule 6: without + verb-ing (Negative Condition) becomes unless

• When a simple sentence gives a negative condition with ‘without’ plus a verb-ing, open it into an ‘unless’ clause, or an ‘if … not’ clause.
• যখন একটি simple sentence ‘without’ এবং একটি verb-ing দিয়ে একটি নেতিবাচক শর্ত দেয়, এটিকে একটি ‘unless’ clause, বা একটি ‘if … not’ clause এ পরিবর্তন করো।

Examples:

• Simple: Without working hard, you cannot succeed.
• Complex: Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed.

Rule 7: on + verb-ing (Time) becomes when / as soon as

• When a simple sentence shows time with ‘on’ plus a verb-ing, expand it into a clause with ‘when’ or ‘as soon as’.
• যখন একটি simple sentence ‘on’ এবং একটি verb-ing দিয়ে সময় দেখায়, এটিকে ‘when’ বা ‘as soon as’ দিয়ে একটি clause এ পরিবর্তন বা প্রসারিত করো।

Examples:

• Simple: On reaching the station, he found the train gone.
• Complex: When he reached the station, he found the train gone.

Rule 8: having + past participle (Sequence) becomes after / when

• When a simple sentence uses ‘having’ plus a past participle for an earlier, completed action, open it into a clause with ‘after’ or ‘when’, using the past perfect.
• যখন একটি simple sentence একটি আগের, সম্পন্ন কাজের জন্য ‘having’ এবং একটি past participle ব্যবহার করে, এটিকে past perfect ব্যবহার করে ‘after’ বা ‘when’ দিয়ে একটি clause এ পরিবর্তন করো।

Examples:

• Simple: Having finished the work, he went home.
• Complex: After he had finished the work, he went home.

Rule 9: too … to (Result) becomes so … that

• When a simple sentence uses ‘too … to’, expand it into a clause with ‘so … that’ plus ‘cannot’ or ‘could not’. This links with our lesson on affirmative to negative transformation.
• যখন একটি simple sentence ‘too … to’ ব্যবহার করে, এটিকে ‘cannot’ বা ‘could not’ সহ ‘so … that’ দিয়ে একটি clause এ প্রসারিত বা পরিবর্তন করো।

Examples:

• Simple: He is too weak to walk.
• Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
• Simple: The box was too heavy to lift.
• Complex: The box was so heavy that we could not lift it.

Group 2: Making an Adjective (Relative) Clause

This group turns a describing word into a clause that describes a noun, using a relative pronoun. A quick look at our phrases lesson helps here.

এই দল একটি বর্ণনাকারী শব্দকে একটি clause এ পরিণত করে যা একটি noun কে বর্ণনা করে, একটি relative pronoun ব্যবহার করে।

Rule 10: Adjective or Participle becomes who / which / that

• When a simple sentence has a describing word, an adjective or a participle, before a noun, open it into a relative clause with ‘who’ for a person, or ‘which’ or ‘that’ for a thing.
• যখন একটি simple sentence এ একটি noun এর আগে একটি বর্ণনাকারী শব্দ, একটি adjective বা একটি participle, থাকে, এটিকে ব্যক্তির জন্য ‘who’, বা বস্তুর জন্য ‘which’ বা ‘that’ দিয়ে একটি relative clause এ পরিবর্তন করো।

Examples:

• Simple: I saw a wounded bird.
• Complex: I saw a bird that was wounded.
• Simple: The honest man is respected.
• Complex: The man who is honest is respected.

Rule 11: Place, Time, or Possession becomes where / when / whose

• When a simple sentence hides a place, a time, or a possession inside a noun, open it into a clause with ‘where’, ‘when’, or ‘whose’.
• যখন একটি simple sentence একটি noun এর ভেতরে একটি স্থান, একটি কাল, বা একটি অধিকার লুকিয়ে রাখে, এটিকে ‘where’, ‘when’, বা ‘whose’ দিয়ে একটি clause এ পরিবর্তন করো।

Examples:

• Simple: This is my birthplace.
• Complex: This is the place where I was born.
• Simple: I know the boy with the red cap.
• Complex: I know the boy whose cap is red.

Group 3: Making a Noun Clause

This group turns a noun or an idea, usually the object, into a noun clause.

এই দল একটি noun বা একটি ভাব, সাধারণত object কে, একটি noun clause এ পরিণত করে।

Rule 12: Noun or Gerund becomes a that / what / how Clause

• When a simple sentence carries an idea in a noun or gerund (often after ‘know’, ‘believe’, ‘confess’, ‘hope’), open it into a noun clause with ‘that’, ‘what’, or ‘how’.
• যখন একটি simple sentence একটি noun বা gerund এ একটি ভাব বহন করে (প্রায়ই ‘know’, ‘believe’, ‘confess’, ‘hope’ এর পরে), এটিকে ‘that’, ‘what’, বা ‘how’ দিয়ে একটি noun clause এ পরিবর্তন করো।

Examples:

• Simple: I know his honesty.
• Complex: I know that he is honest.
• Simple: He confessed his guilt.
• Complex: He confessed that he was guilty.

Part 2: Complex to Simple Sentence Transformation

Now we go the other way. To change a complex sentence into a simple one, you shrink the subordinate clause back into a phrase and remove the subordinating conjunction. It is simply Part 1 in reverse. Read this chart across from left to right.

এবার আমরা উল্টো দিকে যাই। একটি complex sentence কে simple এ পরিণত করতে, তুমি subordinate clause কে আবার একটি phrase এ সংকুচিত করো আর subordinating conjunction সরিয়ে ফেলো। এটি কেবল Part 1 এর বিপরীত। এই chart টি বাম থেকে ডানে পড়ো।

Complex (subordinate clause)	Simple (phrase)
as / since / because + reason (কারণ)	Being + adjective / Because of + noun
so that + can / could, purpose (উদ্দেশ্য)	to + verb / so as to
though / although, contrast (বৈপরীত্য)	In spite of / Despite + noun
if + condition (শর্ত)	By + verb-ing
unless + negative condition (নেতিবাচক শর্ত)	Without + verb-ing
when / as soon as, time (সময়)	On + verb-ing
after + past perfect (পূর্ববর্তী কাজ)	Having + past participle
so … that … cannot, result (ফল)	too … to
who / which / that, relative (বিশেষণ clause)	adjective / participle
that / what, noun clause (বিশেষ্য clause)	noun / gerund

Reverse Rule 1: Reason Clause becomes Being / Because of

• When a complex sentence gives a reason with ‘as’, ‘since’, or ‘because’, fold that clause into a phrase. Use ‘Being’ plus the adjective, or ‘Because of’ or ‘On account of’ plus a noun. You are simply removing the connector and the finite verb.
• যখন একটি complex sentence ‘as’, ‘since’, বা ‘because’ দিয়ে একটি কারণ দেয়, সেই clause টিকে একটি phrase এ পরিবর্তন করো। ‘Being’ এবং adjective, বা ‘Because of’ বা ‘On account of’ এবং একটি noun ব্যবহার করো। তুমি কেবল connector আর finite verb সরিয়ে ফেলছ।

Examples:

• Complex: As he was ill, he could not attend.
• Simple: Being ill, he could not attend. (or Because of his illness, he could not attend.)

Reverse Rule 2: Purpose Clause becomes to + verb

• When a complex sentence shows purpose with ‘so that … can’ or ‘could’, shrink it into the infinitive ‘to’ plus the verb. The whole clause collapses into two little words.
• যখন একটি complex sentence ‘so that … can’ বা ‘could’ দিয়ে উদ্দেশ্য দেখায়, এটিকে infinitive ‘to’ এবং verb এ সংকুচিত করো। পুরো clause টি দুটি ছোট শব্দে গুটিয়ে যায়।

Examples:

• Complex: He works hard so that he can succeed.
• Simple: He works hard to succeed.

Reverse Rule 3: Contrast Clause becomes In spite of / Despite

• When a complex sentence shows contrast with ‘though’ or ‘although’, fold it into a phrase with ‘in spite of’ or ‘despite’, turning the subject and verb into a noun.
• যখন একটি complex sentence ‘though’ বা ‘although’ দিয়ে বৈপরীত্য দেখায়, এটিকে ‘in spite of’ বা ‘despite’ দিয়ে একটি phrase এ পরিবর্তন করো, subject ও verb কে একটি noun এ পরিণত করে।

Examples:

• Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
• Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is honest.

Reverse Rule 4: Condition Clause becomes By / Without + verb-ing

• When a complex sentence has an ‘if’ clause, shrink it to ‘by’ plus a verb-ing. When it has an ‘unless’ clause, shrink it to ‘without’ plus a verb-ing.
• যখন একটি complex sentence এ একটি ‘if’ clause থাকে, এটিকে ‘by’ এবং একটি verb-ing এ সংকুচিত বা পরিবর্তন করো। যখন একটি ‘unless’ clause থাকে, এটিকে ‘without’ এবং একটি verb-ing এ সংকুচিত করো।

Examples:

• Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed.
• Simple: By working hard, you will succeed.
• Complex: Unless you work hard, you will fail.
• Simple: Without working hard, you will fail.

Reverse Rule 5: Time Clause becomes On / Having

• When a complex sentence has a ‘when’ or ‘as soon as’ clause, fold it into ‘on’ plus a verb-ing. When it has an ‘after … had’ clause for an earlier action, fold it into ‘having’ plus the past participle.
• যখন একটি complex sentence এ একটি ‘when’ বা ‘as soon as’ clause থাকে, এটিকে ‘on’ এবং একটি verb-ing এ পরিবর্তন করো। যখন একটি আগের কাজের জন্য ‘after … had’ clause থাকে, এটিকে ‘having’ এবং past participle এ পরিবর্তন করো।

Examples:

• Complex: When he reached the station, he found the train gone.
• Simple: On reaching the station, he found the train gone.
• Complex: After he had finished the work, he went home.
• Simple: Having finished the work, he went home.

Reverse Rule 6: Result Clause becomes too … to

• When a complex sentence uses ‘so … that … cannot’ or ‘could not’, shrink it into ‘too … to’.
• যখন একটি complex sentence ‘so … that … cannot’ বা ‘could not’ ব্যবহার করে, এটিকে ‘too … to’ এ সংকুচিত করো।

Examples:

• Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
• Simple: He is too weak to walk.

Reverse Rule 7: Relative Clause becomes an Adjective or Participle

• When a complex sentence has a relative clause with ‘who’, ‘which’, or ‘that’, fold it into a single adjective or a participle placed before the noun.
• যখন একটি complex sentence এ ‘who’, ‘which’, বা ‘that’ দিয়ে একটি relative clause থাকে, এটিকে noun এর আগে বসানো একটি একক adjective বা একটি participle এ পরিবর্তন করো।

Examples:

• Complex: I saw a bird that was wounded.
• Simple: I saw a wounded bird.
• Complex: The man who is honest is respected.
• Simple: The honest man is respected.

Reverse Rule 8: Noun Clause becomes a Noun or Gerund

• When a complex sentence has a noun clause with ‘that’, shrink it into a noun or a gerund.
• যখন একটি complex sentence এ ‘that’ দিয়ে একটি noun clause থাকে, এটিকে একটি noun বা একটি gerund এ সংকুচিত করো।

Examples:

• Complex: I know that he is honest.
• Simple: I know his honesty.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Remember that a complex sentence needs a subordinating conjunction, because, if, though, when, that, or who, not a coordinating one. The moment you use ‘and’, ‘but’, or ‘so’, you have made a compound sentence, not a complex one. So keep those three words out of your complex answers.
• When you open a phrase into a clause, you must give that clause both a subject and a finite verb, or it stays a phrase and the sentence is not truly complex. Every clause needs someone doing something.
• Watch the tense carefully. With ‘so that’, use ‘can’ in the present and ‘could’ in the past; after ‘having’ or ‘after’, use the past perfect (had + past participle). A wrong tense quietly costs you the mark.
• Choose the connector that matches the sense, not just any subordinating word. Reason takes ‘as, since, because’; purpose takes ‘so that’; contrast takes ‘though, although’; condition takes ‘if’ or ‘unless’. Read the meaning first, then pick the word.
• Going the other way, from complex to simple, do not leave two finite verbs in the sentence. If both verbs stay, it is still complex. Shrink one clause fully into a phrase so that only one finite verb remains.
• Above all, and this is the golden rule, never change the meaning of the sentence. Only its structure is allowed to change; the message must stay exactly the same in both directions.

• মনে রেখো, একটি complex sentence এর জন্য একটি subordinating conjunction লাগে, because, if, though, when, that, বা who, একটি coordinating conjunction নয়। যেই মুহূর্তে তুমি ‘and’, ‘but’, বা ‘so’ ব্যবহার করো, তুমি একটি compound sentence বানিয়ে ফেলেছ, complex নয়। তাই এই তিনটি শব্দকে তোমার complex উত্তর থেকে দূরে রাখো।
• যখন তুমি একটি phrase কে একটি clause এ পরিবর্তন করো, সেই clause টিকে একটি subject ও একটি finite verb, দুটোই দিতে হবে, নয়তো এটি একটি phrase ই থেকে যায় আর বাক্যটি সত্যিকারের complex হয় না। প্রতিটি clause এ কাউকে কিছু একটা করতে হবে।
• Tense টি সাবধানে খেয়াল করো। ‘so that’ এর সাথে বর্তমানে ‘can’, অতীতে ‘could’ ব্যবহার করো; ‘having’ বা ‘after’ এর পরে past perfect (had + past participle) ব্যবহার করো। একটি ভুল tense নীরবে তোমার নম্বর কেড়ে নেয়।
• অর্থের সাথে মানানসই connector বাছো, যেকোনো subordinating শব্দ নয়। কারণ নেয় ‘as, since, because’; উদ্দেশ্য নেয় ‘so that’; বৈপরীত্য নেয় ‘though, although’; শর্ত নেয় ‘if’ বা ‘unless’। আগে অর্থটি পড়ো, তারপর শব্দটি বাছো।
• উল্টো দিকে যাওয়ার সময়, complex থেকে simple এ, বাক্যে দুটি finite verb রেখো না। দুটি verb থেকে গেলে এটি এখনো complex। একটি clause কে পুরোপুরি একটি phrase এ সংকুচিত বা পরিবর্তন করো যাতে কেবল একটি finite verb থাকে।
• সর্বোপরি, আর এটাই সোনালি নিয়ম, বাক্যের অর্থ কখনো বদলিও না। শুধু এর গঠন বদলানোর অনুমতি আছে; দুই দিকেই বাক্যের অর্থ হুবহু একই থাকতে হবে।

Practice Exercise with Answers

Part A: Change each simple sentence into a complex sentence. Part B: Change each complex sentence into a simple sentence.

Part A এ প্রতিটি simple sentence কে complex এ, আর Part B এ প্রতিটি complex sentence কে simple এ পরিবর্তন করো। নিজে চেষ্টা করার পরে উত্তর মিলিয়ে নাও।

Part A (Simple to Complex):

1. He works hard to win the prize.
2. Being tired, she went to bed early.
3. In spite of his wealth, he is unhappy.
4. By reading regularly, you will learn fast.
5. Without air, we cannot live.
6. On hearing the news, she wept.
7. Having done his duty, he felt happy.
8. He is too short to reach the shelf.
9. I saw a sleeping child.
10. I know his innocence.
11. Hearing the bell, the students entered.
12. Because of illness, he left the job.
13. Despite his efforts, he failed.
14. By practising daily, you will improve.
15. Without a ticket, you cannot enter.
16. On reaching home, he called me.
17. Having eaten, the baby slept.
18. The tea is too hot to drink.
19. A barking dog seldom bites.
20. He admitted his guilt.
21. This is my birthplace.
22. Being poor, he could not buy books.
23. In spite of the rain, they played.
24. To pass the exam, she studies hard.
25. Without studying, you will fail.
26. On seeing the teacher, they stood up.
27. Having read the letter, she smiled.
28. The problem is too hard to solve.
29. I met a crying woman.
30. Everybody knows his cleverness.

Part B (Complex to Simple): 31. As he was tired, he stopped working. 32. He reads the newspaper so that he can know the news. 33. Though she is rich, she is not proud. 34. If you tell a lie, you will be punished. 35. Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus. 36. When he saw me, he smiled. 37. After he had taken rest, he felt better. 38. The bag is so heavy that I cannot carry it. 39. I know a man who is very honest. 40. He believes that God is kind. 41. As soon as the sun rose, the birds began to sing. 42. Although he was warned, he did not stop. 43. Because he worked hard, he passed. 44. This is the house that belongs to my uncle. 45. We all know that the earth is round.

Answers

Part A:

1. He works hard so that he can win the prize.
2. As she was tired, she went to bed early.
3. Though he is rich, he is unhappy.
4. If you read regularly, you will learn fast.
5. Unless we have air, we cannot live.
6. When she heard the news, she wept.
7. After he had done his duty, he felt happy.
8. He is so short that he cannot reach the shelf.
9. I saw a child who was sleeping.
10. I know that he is innocent.
11. When the students heard the bell, they entered.
12. As he was ill, he left the job.
13. Although he made efforts, he failed.
14. If you practise daily, you will improve.
15. Unless you have a ticket, you cannot enter.
16. When he reached home, he called me.
17. After it had eaten, the baby slept.
18. The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
19. A dog that barks seldom bites.
20. He admitted that he was guilty.
21. This is the place where I was born.
22. As he was poor, he could not buy books.
23. Though it was raining, they played.
24. She studies hard so that she can pass the exam.
25. Unless you study, you will fail.
26. When they saw the teacher, they stood up.
27. After she had read the letter, she smiled.
28. The problem is so hard that I cannot solve it.
29. I met a woman who was crying.
30. Everybody knows that he is clever.

Part B: 31. Being tired, he stopped working. 32. He reads the newspaper to know the news. 33. In spite of her riches, she is not proud. 34. By telling a lie, you will be punished. (or: In case of telling a lie…) 35. Without hurrying, you will miss the bus. 36. On seeing me, he smiled. 37. Having taken rest, he felt better. 38. The bag is too heavy for me to carry. 39. I know a very honest man. 40. He believes in the kindness of God. 41. On the rising of the sun, the birds began to sing. (or: At sunrise, the birds began to sing.) 42. In spite of being warned, he did not stop. 43. Because of working hard, he passed. (or: By working hard, he passed.) 44. This is the house of my uncle. 45. We all know the earth to be round.

A Tip for the Exam

The key to this topic is to spot the phrase first, because each phrase opens into one fixed clause. See ‘to + verb’ and think ‘so that’; see ‘in spite of’ and think ‘though’; see ‘by’ and think ‘if’; see ‘without’ and think ‘unless’; see ‘too … to’ and think ‘so … that’; see an adjective before a noun and think ‘who / which / that’. Then supply a subject and a finite verb to complete the clause, choose the connector that matches the meaning, and keep the sense unchanged. Practise a few every day, and this becomes one of your surest scoring items.

এই বিষয়ের চাবিকাঠি হলো আগে phrase টি চিনে ফেলা, কারণ প্রতিটি phrase একটি নির্দিষ্ট clause এ পরিবর্তন হয়। ‘to + verb’ দেখলে ‘so that’ ভাবো; ‘in spite of’ দেখলে ‘though’ ভাবো; ‘by’ দেখলে ‘if’ ভাবো; ‘without’ দেখলে ‘unless’ ভাবো; ‘too … to’ দেখলে ‘so … that’ ভাবো; একটি noun এর আগে একটি adjective দেখলে ‘who / which / that’ ভাবো। তারপর clause পূর্ণ করতে একটি subject ও একটি finite verb দাও, অর্থের সাথে মানানসই connector বাছো, আর অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রাখো। প্রতিদিন কয়েকটি অনুশীলন করো, তাহলে এটি তোমার সবচেয়ে নিশ্চিত নম্বরের অংশগুলোর একটি হয়ে উঠবে।

For the reverse direction, complex to simple, do the mirror image: find the subordinating word, then fold its clause into the matching phrase. ‘So that’ becomes ‘to’; ‘though’ becomes ‘in spite of’; ‘if’ becomes ‘by’; ‘unless’ becomes ‘without’; ‘so … that’ becomes ‘too … to’; a relative clause becomes a single adjective. Just make sure only one finite verb is left, and you have a correct simple sentence.

উল্টো দিকের জন্য, complex থেকে simple, প্রতিটি নিয়ম শুধু উল্টো ভাবে অনুসরন করো: subordinating শব্দটি খুঁজে বের করো, তারপর তার clause টিকে মানানসই phrase এ পরিবর্তন করো। ‘So that’ হয় ‘to’; ‘though’ হয় ‘in spite of’; ‘if’ হয় ‘by’; ‘unless’ হয় ‘without’; ‘so … that’ হয় ‘too … to’; একটি relative clause হয় একটি একক adjective। শুধু নিশ্চিত করো যে কেবল একটি finite verb অবশিষ্ট আছে, তাহলেই তোমার একটি সঠিক simple sentence হয়ে গেছে।

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Related Lessons

Keep learning transformation with these lessons:

• Transformation of Sentences: All Rules in One Guide
• Simple, Complex & Compound Sentences: How to Identify
• Clauses in English Grammar: Types, Rules & Examples
• Conjunction: Types, Rules, and Examples
• Conditional Sentences (If Clauses): Types, Rules & Examples
• Affirmative to Negative Transformation: Rules, Chart & Examples
• Kinds of Sentences in English Grammar

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Frequently Asked Questions