Prepositions are tiny words, but they cause more exam mistakes than almost anything else. Think about it: “at the door” and “in the door” mean two completely different things, and only one small word changed. That is the power, and the danger, of the preposition. Because there is often no clear logic to which one is “correct”, exams love to test them, especially the appropriate prepositions that go with particular words.
Preposition ছোট ছোট শব্দ, কিন্তু পরীক্ষায় এগুলো থেকেই সবচেয়ে বেশি ভুল হয়। একটু ভেবে দেখো: “at the door” আর “in the door” এর অর্থ সম্পূর্ণ আলাদা, অথচ বদলেছে মাত্র একটি ছোট শব্দ। এটাই preposition এর শক্তি, আবার বিপদও। কোনটি “সঠিক” তার পেছনে সবসময় স্পষ্ট যুক্তি থাকে না বলেই পরীক্ষায় এগুলো খুব আসে, বিশেষ করে নির্দিষ্ট শব্দের সাথে বসা appropriate preposition গুলো।
In this lesson: ‘Preposition: Rules and Common Uses with Examples’, we will cover everything: the types, the rules of time and place, the appropriate prepositions that come in J.S.C, S.S.C, H.S.C, university admission, and job exams, and the common confusions students always get wrong. This lesson is part of our parts of speech series.
এই পাঠে আমরা সবকিছু শিখব: প্রকারভেদ, সময় ও স্থানের নিয়ম, J.S.C, S.S.C, H.S.C, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ভর্তি ও চাকরির পরীক্ষায় আসা appropriate preposition, আর শিক্ষার্থীরা যেসব common confusion এ সবসময় ভুল করে সেগুলো। তাহলে চলো, শুরু করা যাক।
What is a Preposition?
A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show its relation to another word in the sentence (noun বা pronoun এর আগে বসে সম্পর্ক দেখায়)। It often shows place, time, or direction.
Preposition হলো এমন একটি শব্দ যা একটি noun বা pronoun এর আগে বসে বাক্যের অন্য শব্দের সাথে তার সম্পর্ক দেখায়। এটি প্রায়ই স্থান, সময় বা দিক বোঝায়। মনে রেখো, preposition শব্দটির অর্থই হলো “আগে বসা” (pre + position)।
Examples:
- The cat is under the table.
- We will meet after the class.
- She comes from Khulna.
- He jumped over the wall.
Types of Preposition
Prepositions come in a few forms. Read this table, then see the examples below.
Preposition কয়েক ধরনের হয়। টেবিলটি পড়ো, তারপর নিচে উদাহরণ দেখো।
| Type | What it is (কী) | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Simple | A single short word (একটি ছোট শব্দ) | in, on, at, by, to, for |
| Compound | Formed by joining words (শব্দ জোড়া লেগে তৈরি) | into, upon, within, without |
| Double | Two prepositions together (দুটি একসাথে) | out of, from behind, up to |
| Phrase | A group acting as one preposition (একাধিক শব্দ একসাথে) | in front of, because of, in spite of |
| Participle | A participle used as a preposition (participle থেকে তৈরি) | during, regarding, considering |
Examples:
- Simple: The book is on the desk.
- Phrase: He succeeded in spite of many problems.
- Double: The child came out of the room.
- Participle: We stayed indoors during the storm.
Prepositions of Time: at, on, in
Time is one of the most tested areas. Learn this simple rule (এই সহজ নিয়মটি শেখো):
সময়ের preposition পরীক্ষায় খুব আসে। নিয়মটি সহজ: নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের জন্য ‘at’, দিন-তারিখের জন্য ‘on’, আর মাস-বছর-দিনের বড় অংশের জন্য ‘in’ বসে।
Rules:
- at for a point of time (নির্দিষ্ট সময়): at 5 o’clock, at noon, at night.
- on for days and dates (দিন ও তারিখ): on Monday, on 21 February.
- in for months, years, and long periods (মাস, বছর ও বড় সময়): in June, in 2024, in the morning.
Examples:
- The train leaves at 9 am sharp.
- We have a holiday on Friday.
- Bangladesh became independent in 1971.
Prepositions of Place: at, on, in
The same three words show place, with a similar logic (একই তিনটি শব্দ স্থানও বোঝায়):
একই তিনটি শব্দ স্থানও বোঝায় প্রায় একই যুক্তিতে: নির্দিষ্ট বিন্দুর জন্য ‘at’, কোনো তলের উপর হলে ‘on’, আর ঘেরা জায়গার ভেতরে হলে ‘in’।
Rules:
- at for a specific point (নির্দিষ্ট বিন্দু): at the bus stop, at the door.
- on for a surface (কোনো তলের উপর): on the wall, on the roof.
- in for an enclosed space (ঘেরা জায়গার ভেতর): in the room, in Dhaka.
Examples:
- She is waiting at the gate.
- The picture hangs on the wall.
- My uncle lives in Sylhet.
Prepositions of Direction and Movement
These show movement from one place to another (এক স্থান থেকে অন্য স্থানে যাওয়া বোঝায়)।
এই preposition গুলো এক জায়গা থেকে অন্য জায়গায় গতিবিধি বা চলাচল বোঝায়।
Examples:
- The boy ran towards the field.
- She poured the milk into the glass.
- We walked across the bridge.
- The train went through the tunnel.
Important Rules of Prepositions
These rules are tested again and again from SSC up to job exams. Learn them carefully.
এই নিয়মগুলো S.S.C থেকে শুরু করে চাকরির পরীক্ষা পর্যন্ত বারবার আসে। মন দিয়ে শেখো।
Rule 1: A preposition is always followed by a noun or a pronoun in the objective case.
Preposition এর পরে সবসময় objective case এ একটি noun বা pronoun বসে।
Examples:
- Correct: This is a secret between you and me. (not “between you and I”)
Rule 2: A preposition is followed by a gerund (verb + ing), never an infinitive.
Preposition এর পরে সবসময় gerund (verb + ing) বসে, কখনো infinitive নয়।
Examples:
- Correct: He is fond of swimming. (not “to swim”)
- Correct: She insisted on going home. (not “to go”)
Rule 3: Some verbs take no preposition, though we feel one should be there. These include discuss, enter, marry, resemble, reach, lack, and request.
কিছু verb এর পরে কোনো preposition বসে না, যদিও আমাদের মনে হয় বসা উচিত। এর মধ্যে আছে discuss, enter, marry, resemble, reach, lack, request।
Examples:
- Correct: Let us discuss the matter. (not “discuss about”)
- Correct: He entered the room. (not “entered into”)
Rule 4: A preposition usually comes before its object, but in questions and relative clauses it can come at the end.
Preposition সাধারণত তার object এর আগে বসে, তবে প্রশ্নে ও relative clause এ এটি বাক্যের শেষে বসতে পারে।
Examples:
- Correct: Whom are you waiting for?
- Correct: This is the book I told you about.
Rule 5: Do not use a preposition before home, and before words like yesterday, today, next, and last.
Home এর আগে, এবং yesterday, today, next, last এর মতো শব্দের আগে কোনো preposition বসে না।
Examples:
- Correct: He went home early. (not “went to home”)
- Correct: I met her last Friday. (not “on last Friday”)
Appropriate Prepositions (The Big Exam Topic)
Here is the heart of the matter for admission and job exams. Certain words always take a fixed preposition, and you simply have to learn them. Below are the most important ones, grouped for easy memorising.
এবার admission ও job পরীক্ষার আসল অংশ। কিছু নির্দিষ্ট শব্দের সাথে সবসময় একটি নির্দিষ্ট preposition বসে, আর এগুলো তোমাকে মুখস্থ করতেই হবে। নিচে সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণগুলো সহজে মনে রাখার জন্য দলে দলে সাজানো হলো।
Adjective + preposition:
| Adjective | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| afraid | of | She is afraid of dogs. |
| fond | of | He is fond of music. |
| good | at | She is good at maths. |
| angry (with a person) | with | He is angry with me. |
| proud | of | They are proud of their son. |
| aware | of | I am aware of the risk. |
| superior | to | This model is superior to that one. |
| interested | in | She is interested in science. |
Verb + preposition:
| Verb | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| depend | on | Success depends on hard work. |
| listen | to | Please listen to me. |
| look | after | She looks after her old parents. |
| believe | in | We believe in honesty. |
| apologise (to a person) | to | He apologised to the teacher. |
| congratulate | on | I congratulated her on her success. |
| consist | of | Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. |
| prevent | from | The rain prevented us from going out. |
Noun + preposition:
| Noun | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| need | for | There is a need for change. |
| reason | for | What is the reason for your delay? |
| cause | of | Carelessness is the cause of the accident. |
| solution | to | We found a solution to the problem. |
| control | over | He has no control over his anger. |
| faith | in | I have faith in you. |
Common Confusions to Clear Up
These pairs trip up students in every exam. Learn the exact difference.
এই জোড়াগুলো প্রতিটি পরীক্ষায় শিক্ষার্থীদের বিভ্রান্ত করে। সঠিক পার্থক্যটি শেখো।
between vs among: Use ‘between’ for two, and ‘among’ for more than two (দুইয়ের জন্য between, দুইয়ের বেশি হলে among)।
Examples:
- Divide the money between the two boys.
- Divide the money among the five boys.
beside vs besides: ‘beside’ means by the side of; ‘besides’ means in addition to (beside = পাশে, besides = অতিরিক্ত)।
Examples:
- She sat beside her mother.
- Besides English, he knows Arabic.
since vs for: ‘since’ points to a starting time; ‘for’ shows a period (since = সময়ের বিন্দু, for = সময়ের ব্যাপ্তি)।
Examples:
- He has been ill since Monday.
- He has been ill for three days.
in vs into: ‘in’ shows position inside; ‘into’ shows movement to the inside (in = ভেতরে থাকা, into = ভেতরে ঢোকা)।
Examples:
- The keys are in the drawer.
- She put the keys into the drawer.
How to Identify a Preposition (Quick Trick)
Here is a fast test. A preposition usually sits before a noun and shows a relationship of place, time, or direction. Try this: think of a box and a cat. Almost any word that describes where the cat is relative to the box, in, on, under, behind, near, beside, over, is a preposition.
দ্রুত পরীক্ষা: preposition সাধারণত একটি noun এর আগে বসে এবং স্থান, সময় বা দিকের সম্পর্ক দেখায়। একটি সহজ উপায়: একটি বাক্স আর একটি বিড়াল ভাবো। বিড়ালটি বাক্সের সাপেক্ষে কোথায় আছে তা বোঝায় এমন প্রায় যেকোনো শব্দই (in, on, under, behind, near, beside, over) একটি preposition।
Practice Exercise with Answers
Fill in each gap with the correct preposition.
প্রতিটি gap এ সঠিক preposition বসাও। নিজে চেষ্টা করার পরে উত্তর মিলিয়ে নাও।
- He is good ______ playing football.
- She is afraid ______ the dark.
- We should not depend ______ others.
- There is no reason ______ his anger.
- Divide the sweets ______ the two children.
- He has been waiting ______ two hours.
- Please listen ______ your teacher.
- The book consists ______ ten chapters.
Answers
- at (good at)
- of (afraid of)
- on (depend on)
- for (reason for)
- between (only two children)
- for (a period of time)
- to (listen to)
- of (consist of)
A Tip for the Exam
You cannot always reason out a preposition, so the smart move is to memorise the appropriate prepositions in groups, a few every day, and to read them inside a full sentence rather than as a bare list. When a question stumps you, try saying the sentence aloud in your head; the correct preposition often just sounds right once you have practised enough of them. Steady practice, not logic, is what wins this topic.
Preposition সবসময় যুক্তি দিয়ে বের করা যায় না, তাই বুদ্ধিমানের কাজ হলো appropriate preposition গুলো দলে দলে মুখস্থ করা, প্রতিদিন কয়েকটি করে, আর সেগুলো খালি তালিকা হিসেবে নয় বরং সম্পূর্ণ বাক্যের ভেতরে পড়া। কোনো প্রশ্নে আটকে গেলে বাক্যটি মনে মনে উচ্চারণ করে দেখো; যথেষ্ট অনুশীলন থাকলে সঠিক preposition টি প্রায়ই শুনতেই ঠিক মনে হবে। এই topic এ জয় আসে নিয়মিত অনুশীলনে, যুক্তিতে নয়।
Related Lessons
Keep building your grammar foundation with these lessons:
- The 8 Parts of Speech: Rules, Examples & Chart
- Noun: Definition, Types, and Examples in English Grammar
- Pronoun: Types, Rules, and Examples (incl. Unclear Pronoun)
- Adjective: Types, Order, and Usage Rules
- Verb: Types (Finite, Non-Finite, Auxiliary) with Examples
- Adverb: Types, Position, and Examples in English Grammar
- 5 Rules of Changing Degree (Positive, Comparative, Superlative)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show its relation to another word, usually a relation of place, time, or direction.
What are appropriate prepositions?
Appropriate prepositions are the fixed prepositions that go with particular words, such as “afraid of”, “good at”, “depend on”, and “reason for”. Exams test these heavily.
What is the difference between ‘between’ and ‘among’?
Use ‘between’ for two persons or things, and ‘among’ for more than two. “Between the two boys”, but “among the five boys”.
Which words are not followed by a preposition?
Verbs like discuss, enter, marry, resemble, reach, and request take no preposition. So we say “discuss the matter”, not “discuss about the matter”.
What comes after a preposition, a gerund or an infinitive?
A gerund (verb + ing). We say “fond of swimming”, not “fond of to swim”.