Want to learn classification of tenses in English using the tense classification chart with rules and examples? We are going to discuss over 12 tenses in English grammar based on their meaning, structures, rules, and examples all together.
You are going to learn the differences among the present tenses, past tenses, and future tenses and the time and places of using them both in written and spoken English. So, this is an overview lesson on tense classification in English grammar.
Are you ready to learn?
āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āϏāĻāϞ tenses āĻāĻāϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻšāĻā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ? āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžā§āĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āϝ⧠⧧⧍ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ tenses āϰā§ā§āĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻ āύ, āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ, āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϏā§āϤā§āϰāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžā§āĻāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϏāĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻāϞ tenses āĻāϰ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻāĻ āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤
Classification of Tenses in English
In order to learn the classification of tenses, you have to know the basic meaning of tense and this is what we are going to discuss first of all.
What is Tense in English?
Tense is a time indicator of any event or action in the present, past or future. Generally, in a sentence, the time indication of any act or event depends on the form of the verbs and the form of verb indicates the time of tense.
Tense āĻšāϞ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻā§āĻā§ āϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ sentence āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻā§āĻā§ āϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻāϰ⧠verb āĻāϰ āϰā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰāĨ¤ verb āĻāĻŋ āϝā§āĻ āϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻž āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ tense āĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻāϰāύ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏāϤā§āϰāĻžāĻ, sentence āĻ verb āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻžāϞāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻā§ tense āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ
The Secret of Tense Classification
So, we can say that the analysis of the time form of a verb in a sentence is called tense. This is academic definition of tense but I know you are here not to know bookish discussion but to observe and feel the breath of tenses. Yes, I will not deliver you silent knowledge. I want to show here the easiest way of learning the 12 classes of tenses in English and their basic structures.
āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ,āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠(verb) āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖāĻā§ Tense āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϞ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻž āĻšāϞ Tense āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āĻāĻĨāĻŋāĻāϤ āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāύāĻŋ āϝ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāϏāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻ,āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āĻĻā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻŦ āϏāĻšāĻ⧠⧧⧍ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ Tense āĻā§āύāĻž āϝāĻžā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻ āύāϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻžā§āĨ¤
At first, notice these 3 sentences which contain similar subject (I) and similar object (HIM) in all tenses:
āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āϰ ā§Š āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ subject (I) āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻ object (HIM) āĻāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ sentence āĻāĨ¤ āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ verb āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
- ( Present Tense- āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāϞ)
- āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻŋ â I help him now.
- ( Past Tense- āĻ āϤā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϞ)
- āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϤāĻāĻžāϞ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ â I helped him yesterday.
- ( Future Tense- āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻžāϞ)
- āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāϞ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻŦ â I shall help him tomorrow.
Therefore, you should remember that in a sentence âverbâ is the one and only indicator of the expression of tenses not the subject or object. In above sentences, you have noticed that the form of the verb is âhelpâ in present, âhelpedâ in past, and âwill helpâ in future tense.
The verb varies from tense to tense or time to time. You always have to remember that the differences of tenses or its classifications depend on the forms of verbs not on the subjects or objects.
āϏāϤā§āϰāĻžāĻ, sentence āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠subject āĻŦāĻž object āύā§, āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ verb āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻāϰ⧠sentence āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ tense āĻ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϰ āϤāĻžāĻ,tense āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻāϰ⧠verb āĻāϰ āϰā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰāĨ¤ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύāĻāĻžāĻŦā§, āĻāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ ā§Š āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§- āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āώā§,ā§Š āĻāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āϧāϰāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāύ⧠verb āϰā§āĻĒāĻā§ ā§Ē āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠tense āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻ ā§§ā§¨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§
Generally, we classify tenses into 3 major classes such as present tense, past tense, and future tense and in this way each class is divided into 4 sub classes such as indefinite, continues, perfect, and perfect continues.
- Present Tense â (Indefinite / Continues / Perfect / Perfect Continues)
- Past Tense â (Indefinite / Continues / Perfect / Perfect Continues)
- Future Tense â (Indefinite / Continues / Perfect / Perfect Continues)
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύāϤ, āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž tense āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ ā§Š āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ, āĻ āϤā§āϤ, āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻžāϞāĻā§ āĻĒā§āύāϰāĻžā§ ā§Ē āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ indefinite, continues, perfect, and perfect continues āĻŽā§āĻ ā§§ā§¨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§ā§ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŋāĨ¤
Letâs get an overview of each class of tenses. Before that, letâs imagine an event of your daily life. Suppose, you daily play cricket in a field in front of your college in the afternoon. Ok, thatâs nice.
I will tell you about an action on four different situations which indicate 4 major tenses of English.
āĻāϞ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϞā§āĻĒ āĻļā§āύāĻžāĻ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāϏā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ tense āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻ ā§§ā§¨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻāĨ¤
āĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻāύāĻž āϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϞ āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ ā§ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āϞāĻž āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§āĨ¤
1st Situation: Indefinite Tense
One day your father at night is telling you,
âWhat do you do in front of your college?â
And your answer is: âI play cricket in front of my collegeâÂ
(This is indefinite tense because you are talking about a daily task and when you are telling, you are not playing at that moment.)
āĻāĻāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϏ āĻāϰāϞ,
âāϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāϞā§āĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰā§?â
āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦā§āĻ
âāĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāϞā§āĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āϞāĻŋâ
(āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ indefinite tense āĻāĻžāϰāύ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϝ⧠āĻŽā§āĻšā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻā§āϞāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻ, āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻāύ āĻā§āϞāĻāύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āύāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āϤāĻāύ āĻŦāϞāĻāĨ¤)
2nd Situation: Continues Tense
It is afternoon and you are playing cricket. Your father is passing beside your playground and after seeing you, he asks you,
âWhat are you doing now?â
And your answer: âI am playing cricket now.â
(This is continues tense because when you are telling that you are playing, the task âplayingâ is going on.)
āϧāϰā§, āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϞ āĻŦā§āϞāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻāύ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āϞāĻāĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻšā§āĻāĻā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāϞā§āύ,
âāϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻ?â
āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦā§, âāĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āϞāĻāĻŋâāĨ¤
(āĻāĻāĻž āĻšāϞ continues tense āĻāĻžāϰāύ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻāύ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻŦāϞāĻ āϤāĻāύ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞāĻž āĻāϞāĻā§āĨ¤ )
3rd Situation: Perfect Tense
Now it is night and you are reading at home. Your father has returned at home from market and asking you,
âHave you played today afternoon?â
And your answer is: âyes, I have played today afternoon.â
(Here, this indicates perfect tense because you started playing in the afternoon and finished that many hours ago. Now you are reading but you are talking about the action âplayingâ which was started and finished. Your action is complete.)
āϧāϰā§, āĻāĻāύ āϰāĻžāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžā§ā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āĻžāĻļā§āύāĻž āĻāϰāĻāĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžā§ā§āϤ⧠āĻĢāĻŋāϰāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϏ āĻāϰāϞ,
âāĻāĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āϞā§āĻ?â
āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦā§āĻ
âāĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āϞā§āĻāĻŋâāĨ¤
(āĻāĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ perfect tense āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻžāϰāύ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§āϞāĻž āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻž āϏāύā§āϧā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻļā§āώ āĻšā§ā§ āĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤)
4th Situation: Perfect Continues Tense
This time, you have to go back on continues tense again. Remember, I have told you that you are playing then and your father is passing at the same time. He asks you about your action and you say, âI am playing cricket now.â
Now take the point that you are saying that you are playing but you are not saying from when you are playing or the playing duration. If you mention time in your answer, you will say,
âI have been playing cricket for 2 hours.â
(Yes, it is Perfect Continues tense because you are talking about an action mentioning the time or period. The main sign of Perfect Continues tense is time indication.)
āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧠āϝāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āύāϰāĻžā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻāύ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻāĻŋāϞā§āĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻāύ āĻŽāĻžāĻ ā§ āĻā§āϞāĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ ā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϏ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ,
âāϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻ?â
āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§, âāĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āϞāĻāĻŋâāĨ¤
āĻāĻāύ āĻā§ā§āĻžāϞ āĻāϰā§, āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻ āϝ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āϞāĻ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāϞāύāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāϤāĻā§āώāĻŖ āϧāϰ⧠āĻā§āϞāĻāĨ¤ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϧāĻŋ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻŦā§ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦā§āĻ
âāĻāĻŽāĻŋ ⧍ āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž āϧāϰ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āϞāĻāĻŋâāĨ¤
(āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ Perfect Continues āĻāĻžāϰāύ āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϤāĻā§āώāĻŖ āϧāϰ⧠āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āϤāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ Perfect Continues āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻšāϞ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āϏāĻš āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻāĨ¤ )
Now remember the whole story and different actions on different times. I think, now tense and its major classes are clear to you and you have learned the different characteristics of different tenses such as indefinite, continues, perfect, and perfect continues.
āĻāĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰ⧠āĻāϞā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώā§āĻāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϏāĻŽā§ā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšā§ āĻāĻāύ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻšāϞā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻ ā§Ē āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ tense āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻŽāĻĒā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϞā§āĨ¤
Nice!
You have known the basic points of all kinds of tenses. It is time to verify your learning.
No..no!, I am not going to have a test now. Donât worry!
Now, I would like to show you a complete chart of the kinds of tenses. Here it is-
āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ⧠⧧⧍ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ āĻāĻāϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻ
Tense Chart in English
Tense āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻ

What is Indefinite/Simple Tense?
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻāύāĻž
Indefinite or simple tense describing simple events or action is our 1st tense in English grammar. Letâs see 2 charts on this tense in which one is simply on the structures and forms of verbs and the next one is on the example based on affirmative, negative, and interrogative structures.
Indefinite āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ tense āĻāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ ā§§āĻŽ āĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ āĻāϞ ⧍ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ āϝāĻžāϰ ā§§āĻŽ āĻāĻŋ Indefinite āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āύā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ ā§¨ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻšāĻž-āĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻž-āĻŦā§āϧāĻā§āϰ āϰā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰāĨ¤
Letâs see the charts on Indefinite Tense
āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāϞ⧠Indefinite Tense āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻâĻ
Indefinite Tense Structure, Rules, Examples
| Present Indefinite | Past Indefinite | Future Indefinite |
|---|---|---|
| (verb present form+s/es) | (verb past form) | (shall/will+v.present form) |
| Do/does | did | Shall/will |
| Present Indefinite āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž | Past Indefinite āĻ āϤā§āϤā§āĻ°Â āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž | Future Indefinite āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āĻ°Â āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž |
| St:verb/ verb+s/es | St:verb past form | St:shall/will+verb in base form |
| Negative & interrogative: Do/does not +verb base form | Negative & interrogative: did not+verb base form | Negative & interrogative: shall/will not+verb base form |
| Example: Soham attends classes regularly. | Example: Soham attended classes regularly. | Example: Soham will attend classes regularly. |
| Negative: Soham doesnât attend classes regularly. | Negative: Soham didnât attend classes regularly. | Negative: Soham will not attend classes regularly. |
| Interrogative: Does Soham attend classes regularly? | Interrogative: Did Soham attend classes regularly? | Interrogative: Will Soham attend classes regularly? |
NOTE: If you want to learn more or detailed discussions on these classification of Indefinite tenses, we have individual lesson on Present Indefinite Tense, Past Indefinite Tense, and Future Indefinite Tense where we have discussed their structures, rules, examples, and usages in daily life.
What is Continuous Tense?
āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻāύāĻž
Continuous tense describing continues event or action is our 2nd tense in English grammar. Letâs see 2 charts on this tense also in which one is simply on the structures and forms of verbs and the next one is on the example based on affirmative, negative, and interrogative structures. Also, please note that continuous tense in English grammar is also known as progressive tense as it indicates an action âcontinuingâ.
Continuous tense āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ tense āĻāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ ⧍⧠āĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ āĻāϞ ⧍ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ āϝāĻžāϰ ā§§āĻŽ āĻāĻŋ Continuous tense āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āύā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ ā§¨ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻšāĻž-āĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻž-āĻŦā§āϧāĻā§āϰ āϰā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰāĨ¤
Letâs see the charts on Continuous Tense
āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāϞ⧠Continues Tense āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻâĻ
Continuous Tense Structure, Rules, Examples
| Am/is/are | Was/were | Shall be/will be |
| Verb+ing | Verb+ing | Verb+ing |
| Present Continues | Past Continues | Future Continues |
|---|---|---|
| āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻāĻ āĻŽā§āĻšā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻāϞāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠| āĻ
āϤā§āϤā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻāϞāĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠| āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āĻ°Â āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻāϞāϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠|
| St:am/is/are (verb+ing) | St:was/were (verb+ing) | St:shall be/will be (verb+ing) |
| Negative & interrogative: am/is/are not+(verb+ing) | Negative & interrogative: was/were not+(verb+ing) | Negative & interrogative: shall be/will be not+(verb+ing) |
| Example: Soham is attending classes regularly. | Example: Soham was attending classes regularly. | Example: Soham will be attending classes regularly. |
| Negative: Soham is not attending classes regularly. | Negative: Soham was not attending classes regularly. | Negative: Soham will be not attending classes regularly. |
| Interrogative: Is Soham attending classes regularly? | Interrogative: Was Soham attending classes regularly? | Interrogative: Will Soham be attending classes regularly? |
NOTE: If you want to learn more or detailed discussions on these classification of Continuous tenses, we have individual lesson on Present Continues Tense, Past Continues Tense, and Future Continues Tense where we have discussed their structures, rules, examples, and usages in daily life.
What is Perfect Tense?
āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻāύāĻž
Perfect tense describing completed event or action is our 3rd tense in English grammar. Letâs see 2 charts on this tense again in which one is simply on the structures and forms of verbs and the next one is on the example based on affirmative, negative, and interrogative structures.
Perfect tense āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ tense āĻāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ ā§Šā§ āĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ āĻāϞ ⧍ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ āϝāĻžāϰ ā§§āĻŽ āĻāĻŋ Perfect tense āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āύā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ ā§¨ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻšāĻž-āĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻž-āĻŦā§āϧāĻā§āϰ āϰā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰāĨ¤
Letâs see the charts on Perfect Tense
āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāϞ⧠Perfect Tense āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻâĻ
Perfect Tense Structure, Rules, Examples
| Have /has | Had | Shall have/will have |
| Verb past participle form | Verb past participle form | Verb past participle form |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect | Future Perfect |
|---|---|---|
| āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻļā§āώ āĻšā§ā§ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§, āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠| āĻ āϤā§āϤāĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠| āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠|
| St: has/have (verb past participle form) | St: had (verb past participle form) | St: shall have/will have(verb past participle form) |
| Negative & interrogative: Has/have not+(v.p.p.f) | Negative & interrogative: Had not+(v.p.p.f) | Negative & interrogative: shall have/will have not+(v.p.p.f) |
| Example: Soham has attended classes regularly. | Example: Soham had attended classes regularly. | Example: Soham will have attended classes regularly. |
| Negative: Soham has not attended classes regularly. | Negative: Soham had not attended classes regularly. | Negative: Soham will have not attended classes regularly. |
| Interrogative: Has Soham attended classes regularly? | Interrogative: Had Soham attended classes regularly? | Interrogative: Will Soham have attended classes regularly? |
NOTE: If you want to learn more or detailed discussions on these classification of Perfect tenses, we have individual lesson on Present Perfect Tense, Past Perfect Tense, and Future Perfect Tense where we have discussed their structures, rules, examples, and usages in daily life.
What is Perfect Continuous Tense?
āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻāύāĻž āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻāϏāĻš
Perfect Continuous describing continuous event or action along with time or period is our 4th and last tense in English grammar. Letâs see 2 charts on this tense finally in which one is simply on the structures and forms of verbs and the next one is on the example based on affirmative, negative, and interrogative structures.
Also, please note that as continuous tense in English is known as progressive tense, this tense can be named as perfect progressive tense.
Perfect Continuous āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āϏāĻšāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ tense āĻāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ ā§Ēāϰā§āĻĨ āĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ āĻāϞ ⧍ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ āϝāĻžāϰ ā§§āĻŽ āĻāĻŋ Perfect Continuous āĻāϰ āĻāĻ āύā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ ā§¨ā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻšāĻž-āĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻž-āĻŦā§āϧāĻā§āϰ āϰā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰāĨ¤
Letâs see the charts on Perfect Continuous Tense
āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāϞ⧠Perfect Continues Tense āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻâĻ
Perfect Continuous Tense Structure, Rules, Examples
| Have/has | had | Shall have/will have |
| Been+(verb+ing) | Been+(verb+ing) | Been+(verb+ing) |
| Present perfect Continues | Past perfect Continues | Future perfect Continues |
|---|---|---|
| āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āϏāĻš āĻāĻ āĻŽā§āĻšā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻāϞāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠| āĻ
āϤā§āϤā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āϏāĻš āϏā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻšā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻāϞāĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠| āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āϏāĻš āϏā§āĻāĻŽā§āĻšā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻāϞāϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠|
| St: have/has been(verb+ing) | St: had been (verb+ing) | St: shall have been/will have been (verb+ing) |
| Negative & interrogative: Have/has +not +been+(verb+ing) | Negative & interrogative: Had+not+been+(verb+ing) | Negative & interrogative: shall/will +not+ have been+ (verb+ing) |
| Example: Soham has been attending classes for 5 days. | Example: Soham had been attending classes for 5 days. | Example: Soham will have been attending classes for 5 days. |
| Negative: Soham has not been attending classes for 5 days. | Negative: Soham had not been attending classes for 5 days. | Negative: Soham will have not been attending classes for 5 days. |
| Interrogative: Had Soham been attending classes for 5 days? | Interrogative: Had Soham been attending classes for 5 days? | Interrogative: Will Soham have been attending classes for 5 days? |
NOTE: If you want to learn more or detailed discussions on these classification of Perfect Continuous tenses, we have individual lesson on Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense, and Future Perfect Continuous Tense where we have discussed their structures, rules, examples, and usages in daily life.
Exceptional Forms of Tenses
Generally, these 12 tenses are the major types of tenses in English language. But, I would like to add some more on this topic. There are some events or action which do not belong to any tense because of their exceptional meaning and significance.
According to the events or actions, sometimes, we feel limited in expressing our speeches or feelings through using the structures of these 12 classes of tense. But those events or actions are also related parts of our life. We should not avoid those, should we?
āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠tense āĻ⧠⧧⧍ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϞā§āĻ āϝ⧠āϏāĻŦ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻšā§āύāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āύ āĻāĻāύāĻžā§ āĻāĻā§āύāĻŋ āϏā§āϏāĻŦ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ ⧧⧍ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§āύāĻžāĨ¤
In this regard, for such circumstances and operating such events or action, I want to classify tenses into more 4 exceptional forms. But keep in mind that these classes are not important in case of learning basic structures of tenses. I am just adding them here to give you an idea on the advanced level of tenses in English language.
These exceptional classes are based on the usages of conditional sentences and modal or semi-modal verbs in case of expressing possibility, impossibility, wishes, and expectations and so on.
āĻāĻāϏāĻŦ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§ conditional sentence āĻāĻŦāĻ modal/semi-modal verb pattern āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻ āϰā§āĻĒ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§
Example:Â
āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāϞ
I should have done this work.
(In this sentence, I am expressing the duty or responsibility by using the verbs âhave doneâ. But, I am not sure whether I will do it or not.)
(āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āϤ⧠āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻžā§āĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻāĻŋ âshould have doneâ āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āύ⧠āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻŦ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻŦāύāĻžāĨ¤ )
Such a classification goes hereâĻ
āϏā§āϤā§āϰāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ
Exceptional Classes of Tenses
| Tense of Happening |
| Tense of Possibility |
| Tense of Impossibility |
| Tense of Expectation |
Classification of Tenses Summary
This is all about classification of tenses in English and now you should have clear idea about the rules, meaning, and structures of these 12 tenses through which you can express different actions and events of different times and contexts of your life. If you want to test your competence level on this lesson, you can check out these exercises on verbs.
āĻāĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻšāϞ Tenses āĻāϰ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāϰāĻāĻŋ āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤā§āϤ⧠Tenses āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰāĨ¤āϏāϤā§āϰāĻžāĻ,āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āύ Tenses āĻāϰ classifications āĻā§āϞ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝāĨ¤ āϧāύā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, āĻāĻžāϞ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āύ
Last of all, this is an overview lesson on classification tenses in English grammar and each tense has its sub-categories based on the differences of time. I have discussed all classes of tenses separately in detail with their structures, rules, and examples. You can read all of those lessons here All Tenses in English.
Hope this lesson: Classification of Tenses in English will help you get an overview idea on tenses and their basic structures. Let us know your thoughts using the comment box below.

Modal Verbs of Possibility | Impossibility | Expectation

Asking Questions about Something in Formal English

Right Forms of Verbs: 10 Rules, Examples & Exercises

5 Audio Lessons for English Listening Practice

Learn 5 Rules of Assertive to Imperative Sentence Transformation

Future Perfect Continuous Tense Formula with Examples

Future Perfect Tense Rules & Usages in English Grammar

Kinds of Sentences in English Grammar with Magical Theory

The Shortcut Method of Personal Application Writing in Board Exams


