Look at this exam gap: “He passed ______ dint of hard work.” Only one phrase fits that blank, “by dint of”, and you cannot work it out word by word. You either know the phrase or you lose the mark. That is the nature of a prepositional phrase: a fixed group of words with a fixed meaning, and these appear again and again in the fill-in-the-blanks of SSC, HSC, admission, and job exams. This lesson gives you 100 of the most important prepositional phrases, each with its Bengali meaning and a fresh example, so you can learn them once and score every time.
এই পরীক্ষার gap টি দেখো: “He passed ______ dint of hard work।” এই শূন্যস্থানে কেবল একটি phrase বসে, “by dint of”, আর তুমি শব্দ ধরে ধরে এটি বের করতে পারবে না। হয় তুমি phrase টি জানো, নয়তো নম্বরটি হারাও। এটাই একটি prepositional phrase এর স্বভাব: একটি নির্দিষ্ট অর্থের একটি নির্দিষ্ট শব্দগুচ্ছ। তাহলে চলো, শুরু করা যাক।
What is a Prepositional Phrase?
A prepositional phrase is a fixed group of words, usually a preposition plus a noun, that together carry one special meaning (একটি preposition ও একটি noun মিলে একটি বিশেষ অর্থ প্রকাশ করে)।
Prepositional phrase হলো একটি নির্দিষ্ট শব্দগুচ্ছ, সাধারণত একটি preposition ও একটি noun, যা একসাথে একটি বিশেষ অর্থ বহন করে। এদের fixed prepositional phrase ও বলা হয়। এই বিষয়টি আমাদের preposition ও analysis of sentences পাঠের সাথে যুক্ত।
Structure: Preposition + Noun (as in ‘on time’, ‘in trouble’, ‘by heart’).
The key point is this: the meaning is fixed, so you must learn each phrase as a whole. You cannot find its meaning by translating each word on its own.
মূল কথা হলো: অর্থ নির্দিষ্ট, তাই তোমাকে প্রতিটি phrase পুরোটা একসাথে শিখতে হবে। আলাদা করে প্রতিটি শব্দের অর্থ দিয়ে এর মানে বের করা যায় না।
A Note on “One’s”
Some phrases contain the word “one’s”. When you use them in a sentence, change “one’s” to my, his, her, your, our, or their, to match the subject.
কিছু phrase এ “one’s” শব্দটি থাকে। বাক্যে ব্যবহারের সময় “one’s” কে subject অনুযায়ী my, his, her, your, our বা their এ পরিবর্তন করো।
Example:
- Of one’s own accord → She left the job of her own accord. (one’s = her, following “she”)
Prepositional Phrases: A to A
| Prepositional Phrase | Meaning (অর্থ) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Above all | most importantly (সর্বোপরি) | Above all, always stay honest. |
| According to | as stated by (অনুযায়ী) | According to the report, sales rose. |
| After all | in the end, despite everything (তবুও, সর্বোপরি) | After all, he is only a child. |
| Ahead of | in front of, earlier than (আগে, এগিয়ে) | She finished ahead of the others. |
| Apart from | except for (ছাড়া) | Apart from Rima, everyone agreed. |
| As well as | in addition to (এর পাশাপাশি) | He teaches English as well as Arabic. |
| At a loss | unable to decide (কিংকর্তব্যবিমূঢ়) | I was at a loss for words. |
| At a stretch | continuously (একটানা) | He read for three hours at a stretch. |
| At any cost | by any means (যেকোনো মূল্যে) | We must win at any cost. |
| At daggers drawn | in bitter enmity (বিদ্বেষপূর্ণ অবস্থায়) | The two families are at daggers drawn. |
| At first sight | on first seeing (প্রথম দর্শনে) | They fell in love at first sight. |
| At hand | near (নিকটে) | Help was close at hand. |
| At large | free; in general (মুক্ত; সাধারণভাবে) | The thief is still at large. |
| At least | not less than (কমপক্ষে) | Invite at least ten guests. |
| At length | in detail; for long (সবিস্তারে) | He spoke at length about his plan. |
| At random | without a plan (এলোপাতাড়ি) | The names were picked at random. |
| At the eleventh hour | at the last moment (শেষ মুহূর্তে) | He arrived at the eleventh hour. |
| At the mercy of | in the power of (দয়ায়) | The sailors were at the mercy of the storm. |
Prepositional Phrases: B to F
| Prepositional Phrase | Meaning (অর্থ) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Because of | due to (কারণে) | The match stopped because of rain. |
| Beside the point | not relevant (অপ্রাসঙ্গিক) | Your excuse is beside the point. |
| Between the devil and the deep sea | between two dangers (উভয় সংকটে) | I was between the devil and the deep sea. |
| Between you and me | in secret (গোপনে) | Between you and me, the plan may fail. |
| By and large | on the whole (মোটামুটি) | By and large, the trip was a success. |
| By dint of | by means of, through (বলে, জোরে) | He succeeded by dint of hard work. |
| By heart | from memory (মুখস্থ) | She learnt the poem by heart. |
| By hook or by crook | by any means (যেকোনো উপায়ে) | He wants the job by hook or by crook. |
| By means of | with the help of (মাধ্যমে) | We crossed the river by means of a boat. |
| By virtue of | because of (গুণে, বলে) | By virtue of his skill, he won. |
| Contrary to | opposite to (বিপরীতে) | Contrary to rumours, he stayed. |
| Due to | because of (কারণে) | The delay was due to fog. |
| For good | forever (চিরতরে) | He left the town for good. |
| For instance | for example (উদাহরণস্বরূপ) | Eat healthy food, for instance, fruit. |
| For the sake of | for the benefit of (খাতিরে) | She stayed for the sake of her family. |
| For the time being | for now (আপাতত) | Stay here for the time being. |
Prepositional Phrases: I (Part 1)
| Prepositional Phrase | Meaning (অর্থ) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| In a body | all together (সবাই একসাথে) | The staff went in a body to the head. |
| In a flash | very quickly (মুহূর্তে) | The idea came to me in a flash. |
| In accordance with | following (অনুযায়ী) | Act in accordance with the rules. |
| In addition to | besides (এছাড়াও) | In addition to tea, we serve coffee. |
| In all | in total (সর্বমোট) | There were fifty guests in all. |
| In black and white | in writing (লিখিতভাবে) | Put the terms in black and white. |
| In brief | in short (সংক্ষেপে) | In brief, the plan worked. |
| In charge of | responsible for (দায়িত্বে) | She is in charge of the office. |
| In cold blood | cruelly, deliberately (নির্মমভাবে) | The crime was done in cold blood. |
| In comparison with | compared to (তুলনায়) | This is cheap in comparison with that. |
| In danger | at risk (বিপদে) | The bird was in danger. |
| In demand | wanted by many (চাহিদায়) | Skilled workers are in demand. |
| In detail | fully (বিস্তারিতভাবে) | Explain the plan in detail. |
| In due course | at the right time (যথাসময়ে) | You will get the reply in due course. |
| In essence | basically (মূলত) | In essence, both plans are the same. |
| In favour of | supporting (পক্ষে) | Most people voted in favour of the idea. |
Prepositional Phrases: I (Part 2)
| Prepositional Phrase | Meaning (অর্থ) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| In front of | before, ahead of (সামনে) | A car stopped in front of the gate. |
| In general | usually (সাধারণভাবে) | In general, children love stories. |
| In lieu of | instead of (পরিবর্তে) | He was given a gift in lieu of pay. |
| In order to | so as to (জন্য) | She woke early in order to study. |
| In particular | especially (বিশেষভাবে) | I like fruit, mangoes in particular. |
| In quest of | in search of (সন্ধানে) | He set out in quest of gold. |
| In respect of | regarding (সম্পর্কে) | In respect of pay, the job is good. |
| In search of | looking for (খোঁজে) | They went in search of shelter. |
| In spite of | despite (সত্ত্বেও) | In spite of the rain, we played. |
| In terms of | with regard to (দিক থেকে) | In terms of cost, it is fair. |
| In the long run | in the end (পরিণামে) | Honesty pays in the long run. |
| In time | not late (যথাসময়ে) | We reached the station in time. |
| In trouble | in difficulty (সমস্যায়) | He is in trouble again. |
| In vain | without success (বৃথা) | All his efforts went in vain. |
| Instead of | in place of (পরিবর্তে) | Take tea instead of coffee. |
Prepositional Phrases: O
| Prepositional Phrase | Meaning (অর্থ) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Of one’s own accord | willingly (নিজের ইচ্ছায়) | She left of her own accord. |
| On account of | because of (কারণে) | He was absent on account of illness. |
| On behalf of | in place of, for (পক্ষে) | I thank you on behalf of all. |
| On no account | never, in no way (কোনোভাবেই না) | On no account should you cheat. |
| On purpose | deliberately (ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে) | He broke it on purpose. |
| On the cards | likely to happen (সম্ভাব্য) | A change of plan is on the cards. |
| On the contrary | just the opposite (বিপরীতে) | He is not lazy; on the contrary, he works hard. |
| On the eve of | just before (প্রাক্কালে) | On the eve of the exam, he fell ill. |
| On the go | very busy (ব্যস্ত) | She is always on the go. |
| On the verge of | very close to (দ্বারপ্রান্তে) | The firm is on the verge of ruin. |
| On the whole | generally (মোটের উপর) | On the whole, it went well. |
| On time | punctually (সময়মতো) | The bus came on time. |
| Out of date | old-fashioned (সেকেলে) | This map is out of date. |
| Out of order | not working (অকেজো) | The lift is out of order. |
| Out of the question | impossible (অসম্ভব) | Quitting now is out of the question. |
| Over the counter | without a prescription (ডাক্তারের পরামর্শ ছাড়া) | You can buy it over the counter. |
| Owing to | because of (কারণে) | The flight was late owing to fog. |
Prepositional Phrases: P to W
| Prepositional Phrase | Meaning (অর্থ) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Prior to | before (পূর্বে) | Wash your hands prior to eating. |
| Regardless of | without concern for (নির্বিশেষে) | All are welcome, regardless of age. |
| Round the clock | day and night (দিনরাত) | Nurses worked round the clock. |
| To a degree | partly (আংশিকভাবে) | To a degree, he is right. |
| To date | up to now (আজ পর্যন্ত) | This is his best work to date. |
| To the letter | exactly (অক্ষরে অক্ষরে) | Follow the rules to the letter. |
| To the point | relevant, direct (প্রাসঙ্গিক) | Her answer was short and to the point. |
| At bottom | in reality (প্রকৃতপক্ষে) | At bottom, he is a kind man. |
| At a low ebb | in a weak state (খারাপ অবস্থায়) | His spirits were at a low ebb. |
| At the outset | at the beginning (শুরুতে) | At the outset, let me thank you all. |
| Now and then | occasionally (মাঝে মাঝে) | We meet now and then. |
| Under control | managed (নিয়ন্ত্রণে) | The fire is now under control. |
| Under way | in progress (চলমান) | The project is under way. |
| With a view to | with the aim of (উদ্দেশ্যে) | He saved money with a view to buying a house. |
| With reference to | regarding (সূত্রে) | With reference to your letter, we agree. |
| With regard to | concerning (সম্পর্কে) | With regard to pay, we will talk later. |
| With respect to | as for (সম্পর্কে) | With respect to safety, rules are strict. |
| At times | occasionally (মাঝে মাঝে) | At times, the work feels hard. |
Practice Exercise with Answers
Fill in each blank with a suitable prepositional phrase from the lesson.
পাঠ থেকে একটি উপযুক্ত prepositional phrase দিয়ে প্রতিটি শূন্যস্থান পূরণ করো। নিজে চেষ্টা করার পরে উত্তর মিলিয়ে নাও।
- He succeeded ______ hard work. (through effort)
- ______ the heavy rain, we finished the match. (despite)
- He was absent ______ illness. (because of)
- She learnt the whole poem ______. (from memory)
- The thief is still ______. (free, not caught)
- He saved money ______ buying a house. (with the aim of)
- All his efforts went ______. (without success)
- Please put the agreement ______. (in writing)
- We reached the station ______. (not late)
- He arrived ______, just before the gate closed. (at the last moment)
- ______, honesty always pays. (in the end)
- The lift is ______, so use the stairs. (not working)
- Quitting now is ______. (impossible)
- She left the job ______. (willingly)
- He broke the glass ______. (deliberately)
- Take tea ______ coffee. (in place of)
- The nurses worked ______ during the flood. (day and night)
- ______ cost, this plan is the best. (with regard to)
- Follow the instructions ______. (exactly)
- They set out ______ shelter. (looking for)
Answers
- by dint of (or by means of)
- In spite of (or Despite)
- on account of (or because of)
- by heart
- at large
- with a view to
- in vain
- in black and white
- in time
- at the eleventh hour
- In the long run
- out of order
- out of the question
- of her own accord
- on purpose
- instead of
- round the clock
- In terms of
- to the letter
- in search of (or in quest of)
A Tip for the Exam
Prepositional phrases cannot be reasoned out; they must be remembered. So do not try to translate them word by word. Instead, learn each phrase as a single unit, tied to its Bengali meaning and one clear example. Group the ones that feel similar, in spite of, despite, and notwithstanding all mean the same, and learn them together. Revise a few each day, use them in your own sentences, and soon the right phrase will jump to mind the moment you see the blank.
Prepositional phrase যুক্তি দিয়ে বের করা যায় না; মুখস্থ করতে হয়। তাই শব্দ ধরে ধরে অনুবাদ করার চেষ্টা কোরো না। বরং প্রতিটি phrase কে একটি একক হিসেবে শেখো, তার বাংলা অর্থ ও একটি স্পষ্ট উদাহরণসহ। কাছাকাছি অর্থেরগুলো একসাথে শেখো, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding সবই একই অর্থ। প্রতিদিন কয়েকটি রিভিশন করো, নিজের বাক্যে ব্যবহার করো, শীঘ্রই শূন্যস্থান দেখামাত্র সঠিক phrase মনে চলে আসবে।
Related Lessons
Keep building your word power with these lessons:
- Preposition: Rules and Common Uses
- Appropriate Prepositions: Word + Preposition List with Meanings & Examples
- 100 Words to Describe a Person’s Character (with Examples)
- Linking Words and Phrases in English (List with Bengali Meaning)
- 100 Important Synonyms and Antonyms for Exams (with Bengali)
- 30 Commonly Confused Words in English (with Bengali Meaning)
- Analysis of Sentences in English Grammar
- 100 Common Idioms and Phrases with Meanings and Examples
- 100 Common Phrasal Verbs List with Meanings & Examples
- University Admission English Model Test: 100 MCQs with Answers
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a prepositional phrase?
It is a fixed group of words, usually a preposition and a noun, that together carry one special meaning, such as “by heart” (from memory) and “in vain” (without success).
Why are prepositional phrases important for exams?
They appear regularly in the fill-in-the-blanks of SSC, HSC, admission, and job exams, where you must choose the phrase that fits the meaning of the sentence.
How can I learn prepositional phrases quickly?
Learn each one as a whole with its Bengali meaning and an example, rather than translating word by word. Revise a few daily and use them in your own sentences.
What does the “one’s” in some phrases mean?
Change “one’s” to my, his, her, your, our, or their to match the subject. For example, “of one’s own accord” becomes “of her own accord” with the subject “she”.
What is the difference between ‘in time’ and ‘on time’?
‘In time’ means not late, with a little time to spare (We arrived in time to catch the train). ‘On time’ means exactly at the fixed time (The bus came on time).