If you want to learn each part of a sentence in English language, this master guide Structure & Analysis of Sentences can give you a clear idea about subject, verb, object, complement, and adjunct in a sentence including their functionalities. We will discuss everything of a simple sentence in this chapter in detail with explanations and examples.
This lesson is really important for an English language learner to understand other major and advanced lessons of English grammar such as Transformation of Sentences, Rules of Changing Degree, Voice Changing, and so on.
āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻ āύ, āϧāϰāύ, āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏā§āĻŽā§āĻš āĻļāĻŋāĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžā§ Structure & Analysis of Sentences āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ subject, verb, object, complement, and adjunct āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāύāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžā§āĻāĻŋ āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻ āύ, āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ, āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ, āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ English grammar āĻāϰ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āϏāĻšāĻā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
What is a Sentence in English?
A Sentence in English grammar is a group of words expressing a complete sense or meaning. It is very much essential to learn about each part of a sentence. In order to build a sentence correctly or use it on different purposes, you must know about its core structure, meaning, and functionalities.
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻšāϞ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϏā§āĻŽā§āĻšā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāώā§āĻāĻŋ āϝāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ āϤāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻ āύ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖā§ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
For an example, if you want to build a wall to build a building, you must know about each element of construction and move forward step-by-step. Likewise, you have to know the structures of sentences to write a paragraph, essays, or any type of composition writing.
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāύ āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ, āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāϞāĻžāύā§āϰ āϤāĻŦā§ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§, āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
For an example:
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāύ āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ,āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāĻā§āϞ⧠āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻ
| The boy | bought | a dictionary | For his language study |
| Subject | Verb | Object | Adjunct |
Basic Structure & Analysis of Sentences
Normally, we know about the basic parts of a sentence such as subject, verb, object, and extension. But, today, in this lesson, you are going to learn the authentic grammatical structure and analysis of sentences, their meaning, positions, and function. This will help you a lot to understand both grammatical lessons Classifications of Persons and Tenses in English Grammar.
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύāϤ, āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ subject, verb, object, and adjunct āύāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻžāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏā§āĻŽā§āĻšā§āϰ āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋāύāĻžāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ, āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻĒā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāύāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
So, letâs startâĻ..
At first, notice these sentences:
| I | am a regular student |
| He | attends Max English Learning Center regularly |
| Subject | Predicate |
You can see that there are 2 major sections of a sentence in English language.
āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĻ
SENTENCE
| SUBJECT | PREDICATE |
What is Subject?
In a sentence, something is told about someone or something and that person or thing is known as subject.
(āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ subject āĻŦāĻž āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)
For an example:
The boy attends his classes regularly.
(Here, the action âattending classesâ is about the boy who does the task)
(āĻāĻāĻžāύā§, âāĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖā§ āĻāĻā§āώ⧠āĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ- attending classesâ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž âāĻā§āϞā§āĻāĻŋ- the boy â āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϏā§āϤā§āϰāĻžāĻ âāĻā§āϞā§āĻāĻŋâ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž subject)
What is Predicate?
In a sentence, everything that is told about subject such as its action, condition or function is known as predicate. It contains the parts- verbs, object or extra.
(āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž subject āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āϝāĻž āϝāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝā§āĻŽāύ āϏ⧠āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻā§, āϏ⧠āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§ predicate āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ )
For an example:
The boy attends his classes regularly.
(Here, the verb âattendâ, the object âhis classesâ and extra âregularlyâ, all are the parts of the predicate.)
(āĻāĻāĻžāύā§, āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠verb âāĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž -attendâ āĻāĻŦāĻ object âāϤāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϏ- his classesâ āĻāĻŦāĻ extra âāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ- regularlyâ āϏāĻŦ āĻ
āĻāĻļāĻā§āϞ⧠predicate āĻāϰ āĻ
āĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāĨ¤)
This is the basic structure of a sentence, we learnt in our earlier days. Itâs time to learn the advanced structure of a sentence.
Master Structure of a Sentence
Have a look on this mathematical structure or theory given below. But we are not going to learn math! I have put the whole structure of a sentence in this mathematical style so that you can remember it easily in short form. So, the master structure of a sentence is:
Explanation of the Master Structure
- S = subject (ask question with âwhoâ /âwhatâ ? to â a sentence) (âwhoâ /âwhatâ ? āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§)
- V = verb (which is the âaction wordâ in a sentence?) (âaction wordâ?- āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§)
- O = object (ask question with âwhatâ /âwhomâ? to â a verb) (âwhatâ /âwhomâ? āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ verb āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§)
You may get two objects and then classify them in this way: - Do = direct object (if it is any thing-āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ )
- Io = indirect object (if he/she is any person-āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ )
- C = complement (expressing more information about someone or something) (āĻ
āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§)
And this belongs to 2 categories: - Cs = complement to the subject (expressing information about subject) (subject āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻ āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§)
- Co = complement to the object (expressing information about object) (object āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻ āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§)
- A = Adjunct (expressing the time, place, cause, condition of someone or something)
(Use these Wh-Question words: â When / Where / Why / How â? to ask question on the action âverbâ of the sentence) (Wh-Question words: â When / Where / Why / How â? āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§)
Remember a sentence can have multiple adjuncts to describe a course or event of an action.
āĻāĻāύ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏā§āϤā§āϰāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ
For an example:
Robin gave me a book last night
I feel tired today.
Notice here now:
āĻāĻāύ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏā§āϤā§āϰāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ
For an example:
Robin gave me a book last night
I feel tired today.
Notice here now:
| Sentence Example | Functions | Elements |
|---|---|---|
| Robin | Who/what?- sentence | Subject |
| gave | Action word | Verb |
| me | What/whom?-verb | Indirect Object (Io) |
| a book | What/whom?-verb | Direct Object (Do) |
| last night | How / why / when / where? -verb | Adjunct |
| Sentence Example | Functions | Elements |
|---|---|---|
| I | Who/what?- sentence | Subject |
| feel | Verb expressing condition | Linking Verb |
| tired | What?-verb | Complement |
| today | How / why / when / where? -verb | Adjunct |
Elements of Sentence Structures
Letâs discuss elaborately each elements of a sentence below:
āĻāĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻ
What is Subject?Â
It is the central element of a sentence because everything happens in a sentence following a subject. If you ask the full sentence with âwhoâ or âwhatâ, you will get two answers- one is the person and another one is thing. But, you must keep in mind that the position of subject in an assertive sentence is at the beginning of a sentence. So the option which is at the beginning of the sentence will be regarded as the subject.
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āϝāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āϏāĻŦāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§ āϏā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ subject āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϝ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻā§ Who āĻŦāĻž what āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāϞ⧠subject āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
Structure of finding out Subject: (Who/what? â Sentence)
What is Verb?
The word that indicates any type of action or event is considered as a verb. in a sentence, there may be one or two verbs. in this case the modal auxiliary verb sit before and then the principal verb comes.
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āϝ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§ Verb āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠Verb āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠auxiliary Verb āĻŦāĻž modal-auxiliary Verb āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻŦāϏ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ principal verb āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Structure of finding out Verb: (action word)
What is Object?
It is a part which is influenced by the action of the verb in a sentence and express the types of action occurred by a subject in a sentence. If you ask question to the verb with âwhatâ or âwhomâ, you will get the objects in a sentence. The question word âwhatâ refers a thing and the question word âwhomâ refers a person. Moreover, you know that the object expressing a thing is known as direct object on the other hand the object expressing a person is known as indirect object in a sentence.
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠âwhatâ āĻŦāĻž âwhomâ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž verb āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāϞ⧠Object āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ Object āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϏā§āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§, āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ Object āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§ direct object āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ Object āĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§ indirect object āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ Object āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻŦā§ āϏā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āϝāĻžāĻ āĻšā§āĻ āϤāĻžāĻā§ direct object āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āϧāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Structure of finding out Object: (What/whom? â verb)Â
Note:Â If in any sentence, you get two objects, you can normally classify them as direct object and indirect object based on the person and thing. But, if there is only one subject, you need not follow the classification but indicate that as direct object whether it is person or thing.Â
| I | saw | him | there | yesterday |
| Subject | Verb | Direct Object | Adjunct 1 | Adjunct 2 |
What is Complement? Â
It expresses the more information about a subject or object in a sentence. Moreover, here does not happen any action but expresses the condition. If you ask verb with the question what and the answer expresses the condition but not any action, it is regarded as complement of the sentence. If the complement expresses more information about subject, it sits after the linking verbs but if the complement expresses more information about object, it sits after the object.
Complement āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻĻāĻžāύāĻāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āύāĻž āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āϝ⧠āĻ āĻāĻļāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏ⧠subject āĻŦāĻž object āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻ āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Complement āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϝ⧠Complement āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠subject āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ complement to the subject āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāϰ āϝ⧠object āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ complement to the object āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
Structure of finding out Complement: (What? â verb = Expressing Condition but No Action)
For an example:
| Soham | was | a doctor | In this hospital |
| Subject | Linking verb | Complement to the Subject (Cs) | Adjunct |
| Robin | made | me | captain | Of this team |
| Subject | Verb | Object | Complement to the Object (Co) | Adjunct |
Note:Â In a sentence, Complement comes after some particular verbs such as (am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ have/ has/ had/ be/ look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound/ hear). These verbs are known as âlinking verbsâ because these verbs do not express any action but condition and show the links with subject or object. Try to memorize these verbs.
In a sentence, Complement āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ verbs āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻāϏāĻŦ verbs āĻā§āϞā§āĻā§ âlinking verbsâ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ âlinking verbsâ āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āύāĻž āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
| am/ is/ are/ was/ were â āĻšāĻā§āĻž | Feel â āĻ āύā§āĻāĻŦ āĻāϰāĻž | Sound â āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻž |
| have/has/had- āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž | Smell â āĻāύā§āϧ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž | Hear â āĻļā§āύāĻž |
| Look â āĻĻā§āĻāĻžā§ | Taste â āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āύā§āĻā§āĻž | Seems â āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšāĻā§āĻž |
For an example:
| They | look | fresh | for this tour |
| Subject | Linking verb | Complement | Adjunct |
What is Adjunct?
It is the most interesting element of a sentence which expresses time, place, cause or type of the action of verb. Normally, we place an adjunct at the last of the sentence but it can sit anywhere in a sentence such as at the beginning, at the middle or at the end of the sentence. Moreover, in a sentence, there may come more than one adjunct. Actually, adjuncts are used in a sentence when you want to make your sentence longer.
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āϝ⧠āĻ āĻāĻļ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§āύ āϏāĻŽā§, āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ, āĻāĻžāϰāύ, āϧāϰāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Adjunct āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠âwhen/ where/ why/ how?â āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ verb āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāϞ⧠Adjunct āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ Adjunct āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āώ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ Adjunct āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§
Structure of finding out Adjunct: Â (when/where/why/how? -verb)Â Â
Note:Â Adjunct, in a sentence can place at the starting or in the ending of a sentence. However, if adjunct sits at the starting of a sentence, a comma (,) will be placed after it.
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠Adjunct āĻŦāϏ⧠āϤāĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻž (,) āĻŦāϏāĻžāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
For an example:Â
I went to Dhaka yesterday.
At present, he expects this.
There are some common and essential adjuncts in English language which will come before you again and again. So, memorize these words or phrases. You will get the usages of these adjuncts in many places such as reports, paragraphs, stories, novels, letters, applications and so on.
āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύā§ā§ Adjunct āĻāϰ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāϞ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āϏāĻšāĻ
Some Common Examples of Adjuncts
| Now/already â āĻāĻāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻāϤāĻŋāĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠| Recently â āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠| Often â āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§ |
| At this moment â āĻāĻ āĻŽā§āĻšā§āϰā§āϤ⧠| Regularly â āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ | Everyday â āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ |
| At present â āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧠| Daily â āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ | Frequently â āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ |
| Yesterday â āĻāϤāĻāĻžāϞ | Day by day â āĻĻāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ | once upon a time â āĻāĻāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāĻŋāϞ |
| Last night/month/year â āĻāϤ āϰāĻžāϤ, āĻŽāĻžāϏ, āĻŦāĻāϰ | Year after year â āĻŦāĻāϰā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻāϰ | Just now â āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ |
For an example:
The boys are playing cricket at this moment.Â
Once upon a time there was a king in this city.
These are all about the master structure and analysis of sentences and we have learnt each part of it. But there is an exceptional rule and situation where you might see a different structure of a sentence. We must know about it too. Itâs Imperative sentence in English which has a different and exceptional structure.
āĻāĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻāϞ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āύ āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ Imperative sentence āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§āĨ¤
In imperative sentence, the subject of the sentence can be bare or silent where the sentence starts with a verb but it should be remembered that the subject of such imperative sentences is always âyouâ (2nd person) in most of the places though in some places we get the bare subject as âIâ in order to express wish or prayer.
Imperative sentence āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻļ, āĻāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āύā§āϰā§āϧāĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ subject āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻšā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ verb āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ, āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠sentence āĻ āĻāĻšā§āϝ subject āĻāĻŋ âyouâ (2nd person) āĻšā§ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠subject âIâ (1st person) āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻĻā§āĻļ, āĻāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻ āύā§āϰā§āϧ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠subject âyouâ (2nd person) āĻšā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨā§āύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āϤāĻŦā§ subject âIâ (1st person) āĻšā§ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
For an example:
Close the door. (Imperative, Bare Subject = you)
Do not hate the poor. (Imperative, Bare Subject = you)
Hope you are well. (Imperative, Bare Subject = I)
Wish your better result. (Imperative, Bare Subject = I)
Actually, we do not use any subject in case of imperative sentences but when we use these sentences or expressions, we express a âbare subjectâ in sense but we donât write it in the sentence. I hope i have covered everything of the structures and analysis of sentences.
Conclusion on Structure & Analysis of Sentences
Now, get on the board and find out the different structures of sentences using the rules and patterns you have learnt here. This lesson âStructure & Analysis of Sentencesâ should be most important basic grammar lesson if you want to enrich your writing skill in English. Let me know your thoughts in comment section below. Thatâs all for today. Take care!

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