Master Structure & Analysis of Sentences in English Grammar

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If you want to learn each part of a sentence in English language, this master guide Structure & Analysis of Sentences can give you a clear idea about subject, verb, object, complement, and adjunct in a sentence including their functionalities. We will discuss everything of a simple sentence in this chapter in detail with explanations and examples.

This lesson is really important for an English language learner to understand other major and advanced lessons of English grammar such as Transformation of Sentences, Rules of Changing Degree, Voice Changing, and so on.

āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻ āύ, āϧāϰāύ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏ⧁āĻŽā§āĻš āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāĻ“ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžā§Ÿ Structure & Analysis of Sentences āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ subject, verb, object, complement, and adjunct āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžā§ŸāϟāĻŋ āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ—āĻ āύ, āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ, āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ English grammar āĻāϰ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāϰāĻ“ āϜāϟāĻŋāϞ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžā§Ÿāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻšāĻœā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāĻ“, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāχ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžā§ŸāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝ⧟ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āφāϗ⧇ āĻĒ⧜āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

What is a Sentence in English?

A Sentence in English grammar is a group of words expressing a complete sense or meaning. It is very much essential to learn about each part of a sentence. In order to build a sentence correctly or use it on different purposes, you must know about its core structure, meaning, and functionalities.

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻšāϞ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϏ⧁āĻŽā§āĻšā§‡āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āϝāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻœā§‡āύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻ…āϤāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ—āĻ āύ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāϪ⧇ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

For an example, if you want to build a wall to build a building, you must know about each element of construction and move forward step-by-step. Likewise, you have to know the structures of sentences to write a paragraph, essays, or any type of composition writing.

āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇, āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

For an example:
āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ,āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāσ

The boyboughta dictionaryFor his language study
SubjectVerbObjectAdjunct

Basic Structure & Analysis of Sentences

Normally, we know about the basic parts of a sentence such as subject, verb, object, and extension. But, today, in this lesson, you are going to learn the authentic grammatical structure and analysis of sentences, their meaning, positions, and function. This will help you a lot to understand both grammatical lessons Classifications of Persons and Tenses in English Grammar.

āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāύāϤ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ subject, verb, object, and adjunct āύāĻžāĻŽāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāϜ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏ⧁āĻŽā§āĻšā§‡āϰ āϖ⧁āρāϟāĻŋāύāĻžāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ, āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĒā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϞ⧀ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāĻŦā§‹āĨ¤

So, let’s startâ€Ļ..

At first, notice these sentences:

Iam a regular student
Heattends Max English Learning Center regularly
SubjectPredicate

You can see that there are 2 major sections of a sentence in English language.

āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āσ

SENTENCE

SUBJECTPREDICATE

What is Subject?

In a sentence, something is told about someone or something and that person or thing is known as subject.
(āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ subject āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤)

For an example:
The boy attends his classes regularly.
(Here, the action ‘attending classes’ is about the boy who does the task)
(āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇, ‘āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€ āĻ•āĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ- attending classes’ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž ‘āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āϟāĻŋ- the boy ’ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϏ⧁āϤ⧁āϰāĻžāĻ‚ ‘āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āϟāĻŋ’ āĻšāϞ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž subject)

What is Predicate?

In a sentence, everything that is told about subject such as its action, condition or function is known as predicate. It contains the parts- verbs, object or extra.
(āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž subject āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϝāĻž āϝāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇, āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāϛ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϕ⧇ predicate āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ )

For an example:
The boy attends his classes regularly.
(Here, the verb ‘attend’, the object ‘his classes’ and extra ‘regularly’, all are the parts of the predicate.)
(āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇, āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ verb ‘āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž -attend’ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ object ‘āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ- his classes’ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ extra ‘āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ- regularly’ āϏāĻŦ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ predicate āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāĨ¤)

This is the basic structure of a sentence, we learnt in our earlier days. It’s time to learn the advanced structure of a sentence.

Master Structure of a Sentence

Have a look on this mathematical structure or theory given below. But we are not going to learn math! I have put the whole structure of a sentence in this mathematical style so that you can remember it easily in short form. So, the master structure of a sentence is:

Explanation of the Master Structure

  • S = subject (ask question with ‘who’ /’what’ ? to – a sentence) (‘who’ /’what’ ? āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇)
  • V = verb (which is the ‘action word’ in a sentence?) (‘action word’?- āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āϕ⧋āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇)
  • O = object (ask question with ‘what’ /’whom’? to – a verb) (‘what’ /’whom’? āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ verb āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇)
    You may get two objects and then classify them in this way:
  • Do = direct object (if it is any thing-āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• )
  • Io = indirect object (if he/she is any person-āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• )
  • C = complement (expressing more information about someone or something)  (āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇)
    And this belongs to 2 categories:
  • Cs = complement to the subject (expressing information about subject) (subject āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇)
  • Co = complement to the object (expressing information about object) (object āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇)
  • A = Adjunct (expressing the time, place, cause, condition of someone or something)
    (Use these Wh-Question words: ” When / Where / Why / How “? to ask question on the action ‘verb’ of the sentence) (Wh-Question words: ” When / Where / Why / How “? āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇)

Remember a sentence can have multiple adjuncts to describe a course or event of an action.

āĻāĻ–āύ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰāϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āσ
For an example:
Robin gave me a book last night
I feel tired today.
Notice here now:

āĻāĻ–āύ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰāϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āσ
For an example:
Robin gave me a book last night
I feel tired today.
Notice here now:

Sentence ExampleFunctionsElements
RobinWho/what?- sentenceSubject
gaveAction wordVerb
meWhat/whom?-verbIndirect Object (Io)
a bookWhat/whom?-verbDirect Object (Do)
last nightHow / why / when / where? -verbAdjunct
Sentence Structure Example
Sentence ExampleFunctionsElements
IWho/what?- sentenceSubject
feelVerb expressing conditionLinking Verb
tiredWhat?-verbComplement
todayHow / why / when / where? -verbAdjunct
Sentence Structure Example

Elements of Sentence Structures

Let’s discuss elaborately each elements of a sentence below:
āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāσ

What is Subject? 

It is the central element of a sentence because everything happens in a sentence following a subject. If you ask the full sentence with ‘who’ or ‘what’, you will get two answers- one is the person and another one is thing. But, you must keep in mind that the position of subject in an assertive sentence is at the beginning of a sentence. So the option which is at the beginning of the sentence will be regarded as the subject.

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϝāĻžāϕ⧇ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϘāĻŸā§‡ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ subject āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϕ⧇ Who āĻŦāĻž what āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ subject āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤

Structure of finding out Subject: (Who/what? – Sentence)

What is Verb?

The word that indicates any type of action or event is considered as a verb. in a sentence, there may be one or two verbs. in this case the modal auxiliary verb sit before and then the principal verb comes.
āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ Verb āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ Verb āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ auxiliary Verb āĻŦāĻž modal-auxiliary Verb āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ principal verb āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤

Structure of finding out Verb: (action word)

What is Object?

It is a part which is influenced by the action of the verb in a sentence and express the types of action occurred by a subject in a sentence. If you ask question to the verb with ‘what’ or ‘whom’, you will get the objects in a sentence. The question word ‘what’ refers a thing and the question word ‘whom’ refers a person. Moreover, you know that the object expressing a thing is known as direct object on the other hand the object expressing a person is known as indirect object in a sentence.

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ ‘what’ āĻŦāĻž ‘whom’ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž verb āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ Object āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ Object āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϏ⧇āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• Object āϟāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ direct object āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• Object āϟāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ indirect object āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ Object āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϝāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ direct object āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āϧāϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Structure of finding out Object: (What/whom? – verb) 

Note: If in any sentence, you get two objects, you can normally classify them as direct object and indirect object based on the person and thing. But, if there is only one subject, you need not follow the classification but indicate that as direct object whether it is person or thing. 

Isawhimthereyesterday
SubjectVerbDirect ObjectAdjunct 1Adjunct 2

What is Complement?  

It expresses the more information about a subject or object in a sentence. Moreover, here does not happen any action but expresses the condition. If you ask verb with the question what and the answer expresses the condition but not any action, it is regarded as complement of the sentence. If the complement expresses more information about subject, it sits after the linking verbs but if the complement expresses more information about object, it sits after the object.

Complement āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻĻāĻžāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĨ¤ āĻāχ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻž āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϏ⧇ subject āĻŦāĻž object āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ Complement āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āϝ⧇ Complement āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ subject āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ complement to the subject āĻŦāϞ⧇ āφāϰ āϝ⧇ object āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ complement to the object āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤

Structure of finding out Complement: (What? – verb = Expressing Condition but No Action)

For an example:

Sohamwasa doctorIn this hospital
SubjectLinking verbComplement to the Subject (Cs)Adjunct
Complement Example
RobinmademecaptainOf this team
SubjectVerbObjectComplement to the Object (Co)Adjunct
Complement Example

Note: In a sentence, Complement comes after some particular verbs such as (am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ have/ has/ had/ be/ look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound/ hear). These verbs are known as ‘linking verbs’ because these verbs do not express any action but condition and show the links with subject or object. Try to memorize these verbs.

In a sentence, Complement āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ verbs āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇āχāϏāĻŦ verbs āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇ ‘linking verbs’ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāχ ‘linking verbs’ āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻž āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤

am/ is/ are/ was/ were – āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžFeel – āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•āϰāĻžSound – āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
have/has/had- āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžSmell – āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžHear – āĻļā§‹āύāĻž
Look – āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžā§ŸTaste – āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āύ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžSeems – āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Linking Verb Chart

For an example:

Theylookfreshfor this tour
SubjectLinking verbComplementAdjunct
Linking Verb Example

What is Adjunct?

It is the most interesting element of a sentence which expresses time, place, cause or type of the action of verb. Normally, we place an adjunct at the last of the sentence but it can sit anywhere in a sentence such as at the beginning, at the middle or at the end of the sentence. Moreover, in a sentence, there may come more than one adjunct.  Actually, adjuncts are used in a sentence when you want to make your sentence longer.

āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϝ⧇ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϕ⧋āύ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ, āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ, āĻ•āĻžāϰāύ, āϧāϰāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ Adjunct āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ “when/ where/ why/ how?” āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ verb āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ Adjunct āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• Adjunct āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ Adjunct āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇

Structure of finding out Adjunct:  (when/where/why/how? -verb)  

Note: Adjunct, in a sentence can place at the starting or in the ending of a sentence. However, if adjunct sits at the starting of a sentence, a comma (,) will be placed after it.
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ Adjunct āĻŦāϏ⧇ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž (,) āĻŦāϏāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

For an example: 
I went to Dhaka yesterday.
At present, he expects this.

There are some common and essential adjuncts in English language which will come before you again and again. So, memorize these words or phrases. You will get the usages of these adjuncts in many places such as reports, paragraphs, stories, novels, letters, applications and so on.

āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ Adjunct āĻāϰ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϏāĻšāσ

Some Common Examples of Adjuncts

Now/already – āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻž āχāϤāĻŋāĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ Recently – āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ Often – āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ
At this moment – āĻāχ āĻŽā§āĻšā§‚āĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ Regularly – āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽāĻŋāϤ Everyday – āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ
At present – āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ Daily – āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ Frequently – āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āĻŦāĻžāϰ
Yesterday – āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ Day by day – āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ once upon a time – āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
Last night/month/year – āĻ—āϤ āϰāĻžāϤ, āĻŽāĻžāϏ, āĻŦāĻ›āϰ Year after year – āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ Just now – āĻāχāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ

For an example:
The boys are playing cricket at this moment. 
Once upon a time there was a king in this city.

These are all about the master structure and analysis of sentences and we have learnt each part of it. But there is an exceptional rule and situation where you might see a different structure of a sentence. We must know about it too. It’s Imperative sentence in English which has a different and exceptional structure.

āĻāχ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ•āϞ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ Imperative sentence āĻāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āĨ¤

In imperative sentence, the subject of the sentence can be bare or silent where the sentence starts with a verb but it should be remembered that the subject of such imperative sentences is always ‘you’ (2nd person) in most of the places though in some places we get the bare subject as ‘I’ in order to express wish or prayer.

Imperative sentence āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ āφāĻĻ⧇āĻļ, āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ subject āϟāĻŋ āωāĻšā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ verb āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚, āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ sentence āĻ āωāĻšā§āϝ subject āϟāĻŋ ‘you’ (2nd person) āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ subject ‘I’ (1st person) āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āφāĻĻ⧇āĻļ, āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ subject ‘you’ (2nd person) āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨā§āύāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ āϤāĻŦ⧇ subject ‘I’ (1st person) āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤

For an example:
Close the door. (Imperative, Bare Subject = you)
Do not hate the poor. (Imperative, Bare Subject = you)
Hope you are well. (Imperative, Bare Subject = I)
Wish your better result. (Imperative, Bare Subject = I)

Actually, we do not use any subject in case of imperative sentences but when we use these sentences or expressions, we express a ‘bare subject’ in sense but we don’t write it in the sentence. I hope i have covered everything of the structures and analysis of sentences.

Conclusion on Structure & Analysis of Sentences

Now, get on the board and find out the different structures of sentences using the rules and patterns you have learnt here. This lesson ‘Structure & Analysis of Sentences’ should be most important basic grammar lesson if you want to enrich your writing skill in English. Let me know your thoughts in comment section below. That’s all for today. Take care!


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