Classifications of Persons in English Grammar

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Person is used in English grammar to describe the verbs and pronouns that refer to the different people in a conversation. Basically, the are 3 classes of persons such as 1st person, 2nd Person, and 3rd Person. The first person (‘I’ or ‘we’) refers to the person speaking, the second person (‘you’) refers to the person being spoken to and the third person (‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ or ‘they’) refers to another person or thing being spoken about or described.

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ইংরেজি ব্যকারনে Person বা পুরুষ ব্যবহার করা হয় অনেকের মধ্যে কে কাকে বা কার সম্পর্কে কথা বলছে সেই ব্যাক্তিকে বোঝাতে। First person-প্রথম পুরুষ (‘I’ or ‘we’) বলতে বোঝায় সেই ব্যাক্তিকে যে কথা বলছে, Second person-দ্বিতীয় পুরুষ (‘you’) বলতে বোঝায় সেই ব্যাক্তিকে যাকে কথাগুলো বলা হচ্ছে এবং Third person-তৃতীয় পুরুষ (‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ or ‘they’) বলতে বোঝায় সেই ব্যাক্তিকে যার সম্পর্কে কথা আলোচনা হচ্ছে।

একটি বাক্যে Noun এর পরিবর্তে যে Pronoun ব্যবহার করা হয় তাকে Person বলে। 

But only with these grammatical definitions, you will not be able to differentiate the usages of various forms of different persons in sentences. You have to know practical usages which I am going to discuss. This is second lesson on English grammar series. If you have missed the first lesson, I would like to recommend you that before this.

Yes, In my previous post, i have discussed over ”Analysis of Sentences” in English Grammar Series. You might check that here Analysis of Sentences and continue your learning step by step. It is not wise to jump when walking is a pleasure.

Well, today I am going to tell you about the forms of persons and their appropriate positions in sentences. I hope, after this lesson, you will have no confusion in usages of person. So, my today’s discussions are:

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Idea of person in English
Classifications of persons
Forms of persons
Usages of persons in sentences

So, let’s start… what is waiting for you…
At first, notice these sentences and observe the usages of persons-
প্রথমত, নিম্নের ব্যাকটি লক্ষ্য করো এবং বাক্যে এর ব্যবহার দেখঃ

I like the boy very much.
(Here, ‘I’ is a person) (এখানে, ‘I’ হল 1st person)

He likes me for my speech.
(Here, both ‘he’ and ‘me’ are persons) (এখানে, ‘he’ হল 3rd person এবং ‘me’ এবং ‘my’ হল 1st person)

মূলত Persons বা পুরুষ প্রধানত ৩ প্রকার যথাঃ
(1st person -প্রথম পুরুষ), (2nd Person-দ্বিতীয় পুরুষ), (3rd Person-তৃতীয় পুরুষ)

Now, learn the classifications of persons and they are not so many. There are 3 kinds of persons in English grammar. Notice the chart here: 

Classification of Person

Person
1st person 2nd Person 3rd Person
refers to the person speaking I, We, refers to the person being spoken toYou, Your refers to another person or thing being spoken about or described He, She, Soham, They

Here is an Example:

I told you about Soham  yesterday.
1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person

Now, concentrate on the different forms of persons in sentences. In this case, you have to classify the forms based on the place of persons in sentences. According to the places, the persons are defined in a sentence.

Person is used in a sentence in three forms such as:

একটি বাক্যে Person বা পুরুষ ৩ রূপে ব্যবহার হতে পারেঃ

Subjective Form
Objective Form
possessive Form

Actually, these forms are divided based on the positions of the different forms of persons in sentences. It’s not difficult to learn. Just concentrate and you will learn within 5 minutes. Yes, I can assure that. You will learn here both the different forms of persons and their usages in sentences in particular places.

Let’s discuss over the each form and its characteristics:

What is Subjective Form?

The form of person which is used as subject in a sentence such as I, we, you, he, she, they, and it.
Person এর যে রূপগুলো বাক্যে Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহার হয় এবং বসে তাদেরকে Subjective Form বলা হয়। (I, we, you, he, she, they, and it.)
Example:
I helped the man.
He hates your behavior.

What is Objective Form?

The form of person which is used as object in a sentence such as me, us ,you, him, her, them, and it.
Person এর যে রূপগুলো বাক্যে Objective হিসেবে ব্যবহার হয় এবং বসে তাদেরকে Objective Form বলা হয়। (me, us ,you, him, her, them, and it.)
 
Example:
He gave me a pen.
I saw him there.

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What is Possessive Form?

The form of person which is used in a sentence to express the proprietor of something or to possess anything such as my, our, your, his, her, their, and its.
Person এর যে রূপগুলো বাক্যে কোন কিছুর প্রতি অধিকার বা মালিকানা বোঝাতে ব্যবহার হয় তাদেরকে Possessive Form বলা হয়। (my, our, your, his, her, their, and its)
 
Example:
I took his pen for writing an essay.
She likes my bag because of its color.

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I hope, you have already understood the forms of persons. Because they have similarities between the name and position in sentences, haven’t they?

There are some special factors in possessive forms. You should learn those points in order to ensure the authentic usages. Here are a few points:

Point 1 : A possessive form always sits before a noun in a sentence. So the structure of the possessive form is:
(Possessive form+ Noun) 
Possessive form বাক্যে সবসময় noun এর পূর্বে বসে থাকে। সতুরাং এর গঠন হলঃ (Possessive form+ Noun)

Example:
It is his bag. (Here, ‘his’ is possessive and ‘bag’ is noun)
(এখানে, ‘his’ হল possessive form আর ‘bag’ হল noun)

My room is nicely decorated. (Here, ‘my’ is possessive and ‘room’ is noun)
(এখানে, ‘my’ হল possessive form আর ‘room’ হল noun)

Point 2 : There are some possessive forms in English language which can sit alone without noun in a sentence such as mine, ours, yours, hers, its, and theirs.
English language এ কিছু possessive forms আছে যারা noun ছাড়া একাই বাক্যে বসতে পারে যেমনঃ mine, ours, yours, hers, its, theirs.)
 
Example:
This book is mine.
My time is valuable than yours.

Point 3 : We know that person is considered as pronoun in a sentence usually. But, the possessive form which comes before a noun is considered as an adjective.
আমরা জানি যে বাক্যে person কে সাধারনত pronoun হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়। তবে যে possessive form টি noun এর পূর্বে বসে তাকে adjective হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়।
Example: I lost his bag yesterday. (Here, ‘his’ is adjective and ‘bag’ is a noun.)
(এখানে, ‘his’ হল adjective আর ‘bag’ হল noun)

These are the points within the possessive form which should be considered.

Interesting!
You have learned person successfully. Now see the chart and remember what you have learned. Yes, this is a complete chart of persons and all the classifications that we have already discussed step by step.

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নিম্নে Person এর পরিপূর্ণ ছকটি দেওয়া হলঃ

FINAL CHART OF PERSONS

Person

Number Subjective forms Objective  forms

Possessive forms

1st

singular

I me/myself

my/mine

plural

We us/ourselves

our/ours

2nd

singular

You you/yourself

your/yours

plural

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You you/yourselves

your/yours

3rd

singular

He/She/It him/her/it/itself/himself/herself

his/her/hers/its

plural

They they/themselves

their/theirs

SO, if anyone asks you to find out the persons from sentences, you must consider each person from 3 aspects. For your better understanding you can ask yourself 3 questions such as:

তাহলে আমরা দেখতে পাই যে একটি বাক্যের মধ্যে আমরা যদি বিশ্লেষণ করতে চায় তবে English language এ person কে ৩ টি রূপে ভাগ করা যায়।

1) Which person it is- 1st person / 2nd person / 3rd person?
2) Is this person indicating a single thing or person or more than one?
This means two forms such as: Singular or Plural in number.
3) Where this person is placed in that sentence? Is it used as subject, object, or possessive in that sentence?
Here is a short chart through which you can remember easily.

(a) Person 1st p / 2nd p / 3rd p
(b) Number singular / plural
(c) Functional forms subjective / objective / possessive.

Now, check your learning…..

He wants to help me because of your request

Subjective form

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3rd person
Singular number

Objective form

1st person
Singular number

Possessive form

2nd person
Singular number

 Explanation: এই বাক্যটি “He wants to help me because of your request” তে person=’he’ কে বিশ্লেষণ করলে ৩ টি রূপ বের হয় যেমন সেটি কোন form,সেটি কোন person, এবং সেটি কি number?

This is all about persons in English language. Don’t forget to memorize this chart of person. It will help you in many cases in the usages of English language. Most importantly, if you want to learn Voice Changing Methods, you must know the different forms of persons.

Anyway, I hope, you have understood each point of Persons. Moreover, if you face any problem, don’t be shy to ask me on comment section. Finally hope to come back again with the next lesson on English grammar series.

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